Biology
Human Physiology and Anatomy
2,235 Questions
Human physiology and anatomy explore the structural organization and biological functions of the human body and its systems. Questions focus on the primary roles of organs, hormones, cellular components, and developmental processes. These fundamentals are integral to medical entrance tests and general science sections.
Organ functionsHormone functionsImmune system rolesDigestive systemCellular functions
Human Physiology and Anatomy Questions
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Lets things in and out of the cell.
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Gives the cell structure, support, and protection.
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Stores food, water, and waste.
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The brain of the cell.
A
Correct answer
Explanation
The cell membrane is a semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the cell. It regulates the entry and exit of substances, ensuring that the cell maintains a stable internal environment.
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Makes up part of haemoglobin
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Production of red blood cells
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Aids digestion
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Production of enzymes
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Iron is an essential mineral that plays a key role in oxygen transport as part of hemoglobin and in the production of red blood cells and various enzymes. However, it does not directly aid digestion, which is primarily the role of digestive enzymes, stomach acid, and dietary fiber. Therefore, aiding digestion is not a function of iron.
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Promote blood thinning
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Promote blood clotting
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Promote cell differentiation
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Prevent CVD
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Vitamin K is a critical cofactor for enzymes involved in the synthesis of several blood-clotting proteins, such as prothrombin. Without sufficient vitamin K, the body cannot form blood clots properly, leading to excessive bleeding.
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To facilitate metabolic reactions
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To make energy
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To provide the structure of cells
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To make hormones
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Vitamins act as essential cofactors and coenzymes that facilitate chemical and metabolic reactions in the body. They do not directly provide energy (calories) or serve as primary structural components of cells.
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Facilitation of energy metabolism
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Improving bone health
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Regulating blood pressure
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Improving immunity
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Niacin is a precursor to NAD and NADP, coenzymes that are vital for oxidation-reduction reactions in energy metabolism. These coenzymes help transfer energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into ATP.
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Cell differentiation
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Facilitate blood clotting
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Facilitate energy production
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Anti-oxidant
C
Correct answer
Explanation
B-vitamins act as coenzymes in many metabolic pathways that convert carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into usable cellular energy. Blood clotting is facilitated by vitamin K, while vitamins C and E act primarily as antioxidants.
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builds proteins
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to protect and provide support for the cell.
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Takes in Carbon dioxide
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Convert solar energy to chemical energy
B
Correct answer
Explanation
The primary function of the cell wall, found in plants, fungi, and bacteria, is to provide structural strength, rigidity, and protection against mechanical stress.
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Create Ribosomes
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Break down and recycle macromolecules
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Keep the cell in shape, helps transport
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Synthesize proteins
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. They also break down worn-out organelles to recycle their components.
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Converts chemical energy in food to usable compounds
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Assembles proteins and lipids
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Synthesize Proteins
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Break down and recycle molecules
C
Correct answer
Explanation
The primary function of a ribosome is to synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains. Mitochondria convert chemical energy, and lysosomes break down molecules.
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produce glucose for the cell.
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direct reproduction of the cell.
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regulate what enters and leaves the cell.
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carry out respiration to get energy for the cell.
C
Correct answer
Explanation
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell to maintain homeostasis. Producing glucose is the job of chloroplasts, directing reproduction is the job of the nucleus, and carrying out respiration is the job of mitochondria.
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Energy to build fat
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Insulation and Energy
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Metabolic Processes
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Growth and repair of cells, energy, milk and wool
D
Correct answer
Explanation
Proteins are the primary building blocks of body tissues, making them essential for the growth and repair of cells. They are also vital for producing animal products such as milk and wool, and can be used as an energy source when carbohydrates and fats are insufficient.
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To give animals strong bones
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Energy and fibre for the rumen
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To aid temperature regulation
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To build Muscle mass
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for metabolic processes in animals. In ruminants, complex carbohydrates like cellulose provide the necessary fiber to maintain healthy rumen function and microbial fermentation.
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To produce ATP
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To generate heat
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Both
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None
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Brown adipose tissue contains a high density of mitochondria with uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which allows the energy from the proton gradient to be released as heat rather than being used to synthesize ATP.
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To slow down chemical reactions in our body.
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To speeds up chemical reactions in our body.
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There is no enzyme in my body.
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Enzymes function as biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions in the body.
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sweat
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regulate their temperature
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extract energy from food
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shiver
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Cells require energy to perform all their functions, including maintaining homeostasis. Extracting energy from food (cellular respiration) is essential for survival.