Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,051 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

Which of the following has the similarities with the lymph?

  1. Red blood cells

  2. Blood plasma

  3. White blood cells

  4. Nutrients
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Since the lymph is derived from the interstitial fluid, its composition continually changes as the blood and the surrounding cells continually exchange substances with the interstitial fluid. It is generally similar to blood plasma, which is the fluid component of blood. Lymph returns proteins and excess interstitial fluid to the blood stream. Lymph may pick up bacteria and bring them to lymph nodes, where they are destroyed. Metastatic cancer  cells can also be transported via lymph. Lymph also transports fats from the digestive system (beginning in the lacteals) to the blood via chylomicrons.


So, the correct option is 'Blood plasma'.

Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

Lymph transports white blood cells from

  1. Spleen

  2. Pancreas

  3. Lymph nodes

  4. liver

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A. Spleen also referred to as the graveyard of RBCs removes worn-out RBCs and fights infections. It is a part of the lymphatic system

B. Pancreas The lymphatic system of pancreas drains excess fluid that contains leaking hormones and some enzymes from interstitial spaces.
C. Lymph nodes filter the lymph as it passes through these nodes. They board lymphocytes which help in removing wastes and antigens. In case of infection, lymph nodes transport WBCs to blood
D. Liver produces a large amount of lymph, the lymphatic system of liver functions as a tissue drainage system and immunological control system. 
So the answer is C

Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

Lymph is more similar to

  1. Blood

  2. Interstitial fluid

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Interstitial fluid is present in the extracellular matrix by the difference in the pressure of the arteries and veins. This interstitial fluid forms lymph that flows in the lymphatic capillaries. These are similar in their composition of proteins, water, and the lymphocytes. Blood flows in the blood vessels and has more proteins than interstitial fluid and lymph. Blood also has the RBCs that are absent in interstitial fluid and lymph. 

Hence, the correct answer is 'Interstitial fluid'.

Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

Which of the following removes debris from cells?

  1. Blood

  2. Lymph

  3. Interstitial fluid

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The lymphatic system can be compared with "hazardous waste disposal" because it transports waste products out of the body. These include, for example, proteins, metabolic breakdown products, inflammatory products or fat from the abdominal cavity. The lymphatic system runs alongside the blood vessels and covers our entire body like a net. Lymph fluid normally flows through the network of lymph vessels that connect to a group of lymph nodes. The nodes act as a filter, destroying or trapping anything harmful that the body doesn’t need. The lymph nodes contain white blood cells (lymphocytes), which attack and break down bacteria, viruses, damaged cells or cancer cells. Waste products and the destroyed bacteria are then carried in the lymph fluid back into the bloodstream and are removed from the body with other body waste.

So, the correct answer is 'Lymph '.
Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

Lymph is responsible for removal of

  1. Antigens

  2. Toxins

  3. Interstitial fluid

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Antigens are foreign particles that stimulate immune response activating the immune system and WBCs. Antigens are carried by lymph to lymph nodes where they are taken care by lymphocytes.
  • Toxins are metabolic wastes or substances secreted by bacteria, viruses or fungi which can be harmful and have to be excreted from the system. Toxins in the interstitial fluid are removed by lymph.
  • Interstitial fluid is the extracellular fluid in which cells are bathed. They contain metabolic wastes and CO2 which are absorbed into venules. The left out interstitial fluid is removed by lymph vessels.
So, the correct answer is "All of the above".

Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

The main difference in the blood and lymph is

  1. Absence of RBC

  2. Absence of WBC

  3. Number of WBC is less in blood

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Blood is a special connective tissue consisting of a fluid matrix, plasma, and formed elements. As the blood passes through the capillaries in tissues, some water along with many small water-soluble substances move out into the spaces between the cells of tissues leaving the larger proteins and most of the formed elements (RBC, WBC and Platelets) in the blood vessels. This fluid released out is called the interstitial fluid or tissue fluid. An elaborate network of vessels called the lymphatic system collects this fluid and drains it back to the major veins. The fluid present in the lymphatic system is called the lymph. WBC are present in lymph. Hence the main difference in blood and lymph is the absence of RBC.

So, the correct answer is 'Absence of RBC'.

Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

Lymph is colourless because

  1. WBC are absent

  2. WBC are present

  3. Haemoglobin is absent

  4. RBC are absent
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Lymph is the part of the lymphatic system, which is a colourless watery fluid which contains lymphocytes and proteins.
  • They are colourless because they lack red blood cells. 
  • The red blood cells contain haemoglobin protein which gives a red colour to the blood. So, the correct answer is 'RBC are absent'.
Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

Middle man of the body is

  1. Plasma

  2. Lymph

  3. WBC

  4. RBC
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Lymph is a mobile connective tissue and composed of white blood cells mostly lymphocytes, and, the lymph plasma. It is similar to blood but it has less proteins, calcium and phosphorus. Glucose level is high in lymph. It is formed in lymph nodes, liver, thymus, tonsils, spleen and peyers patches with liver being the largest producer. It acts as middle man of body. It transports oxygen, food materials, hormones etc. to body cells and brings metabolic wastes like carbon dioxide from the body cells to blood which are finally poured into the venous system. In this way, it mediates the exchange and hence, known as middle man of the body.
So, the correct answer is 'Lymph'.
Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

Which one is called graveyard of RBC's?

  1. Liver

  2. Kidney

  3. Heart

  4. Spleen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Spleen is called the graveyard of RBCs because after completion of lifespan, RBCs are destroyed in spleen where they are ingested by free macrophages. About 2.5 million of RBCs are destructed in one second. After ingestion of RBCs by macrophages, the haemoglobin is dissociated into haem and globin. Iron of haem is released which is further used in process of formation of blood. The haem is converted into bilirubin, a yellow or brown pigment.
So, the correct answer is 'Spleen'.
Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

Amount of blood which can be stored in spleen is

  1. 200 ml

  2. 100 ml

  3. 50 ml

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ which is located under the ribcage and above the stomach in the abdomen. On an average, an adult human body contains 5.6 liters of blood out of which nearly 200ml blood can be stored in the spleen and released in cases of hypovolemia(low blood volume) and hypoxia (low oxygen levels). 
So, the correct answer is ' 200ml '.

Multiple choice biology soldiers of defense human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
The lymph consists of:

  1. plasma

  2. leucocytes

  3. plasma and leucocytes

  4. plasma and erythrocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Lymph is a fluid which flows through the lymphatic system of the body and takes part in transportation. Lymph is formed by the seepage of blood plasma, proteins, and few blood cells through the pores of capillaries.
  • Lymph transports protein, fats and other nutrients from the digestive system. Lymph also collects bacteria and other pathogens from the bloodstream and brings to the lymph nodes to destroy them. Lymph mainly contains blood plasma with some white blood cells.
So, the correct option is 'Plasma and leucocytes'.