Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,096 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice

An antibody is a large Y-shape protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and virus. Which cell type produces antibodies?

  1. Macrophages

  2. T-lymphocytes

  3. NK

  4. Plasma cells

  5. Eosinophils
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

B-lymphocytes have antibodies on their cell surface which act as an antigen receptor. Upon activation, they differentiate into plasma cells which secrete large amounts of antibodies.

Multiple choice

Lymphoid tissue is of significance in the body's immunity. Consider the following in this regard

  1. Tonsils
  2. Vermiform appendix
  3. Gall bladder

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 2 and 3

  3. 1 and 3

  4. 1 alone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The lymphatic system is a part of the circulatory system and a vital part of the immune system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid, called lymph, directionally towards the heart. Also, vermiformappendix has more recently been identified as an important component of mammalian mucosal immune function.

Multiple choice

Reduction of gamma globulins is a characteristic of

  1. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

  2. Addison's disease

  3. Hypogammaglobulinemia

  4. Alopecia areata

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hypogammaglobulinemia is a type of immune disorder characterized by a reduction in all types of gamma globulins. Hypogammaglobulinemia is a characteristic of common variable immunodeficiency.

Multiple choice

The bone marrow is unable to produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells in

  1. Aplastic anemia

  2. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

  3. Autoimmune hepatitis

  4. Biermer's anemia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Aplastic anemia is a condition where bone marrow does not produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells.Typically, anemia refers to low red blood cell counts, but aplastic anemia patients have lower counts of all three blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, termed pancytopenia.

Multiple choice

The lymphocyte apoptosis gets affected in

  1. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome

  2. Peripheral neuropathy

  3. Autoimmune pancreatitis

  4. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome is a form of lymphoproliferative disorder. It affects lymphocyte apoptosis. ALPS results from mutations in the human genes, Fas and FasL, which are upstream effectors of the apoptotic pathway in cells.

Multiple choice

The concentrations of circulating antibodies become higher in

  1. Cogan syndrome

  2. Cold agglutinin disease

  3. Giant-cell arteritis

  4. Degos disease

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cold agglutinin disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of high concentrations of circulating antibodies, usually IgM, directed against red blood cells. It is a form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, specifically one in which antibodies only bind red blood cells at low body temperatures, typically 28-31°C.

Multiple choice

The fat cells under the skin get inflammed in

  1. Eosinophilic fasciitis

  2. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis

  3. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita

  4. Erythema nodosum

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Erythema nodosum is an inflammation of the fat cells under the skin (panniculitis) characterized by tender red nodules or lumps that are usually seen on both shins.It is an immunologic response to a variety of different causes.

Multiple choice

The rate of lymph formation is equal to the rate of its return to the blood stream. But, sometimes the formation rate of lymph exceeds the rate of its return to the blood. This causes

  1. excretion of fluid through anus

  2. gets stored in the intestine

  3. creates a swelling around the cell called dropsy or oedema

  4. dries up and blocks the lymphatic vessels

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The rate of lymph formation is equal to the rate of its return to the blood stream. But, sometimes the formation rate of lymph exceeds the rate of its return to the blood. Then the increased volume of fluid around the cells creates a swelling called dropsy or oedema. Hence, this answer is correct.

Multiple choice

WBC is a ______ cell.

  1. red

  2. green

  3. yellow

  4. colourless
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

White Blood Cells (WBCs) are colorless.