Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,051 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is known as the graveyard of RBC's?

  1. Liver

  2. Spleen

  3. Brain

  4. Heart
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrates. Similar in structure to a large lymph node, it acts primarily as a blood filter. The spleen plays important roles in regard to red blood cells (also referred to as erythrocytes) and the immune system. It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood, which can be valuable in case of hemorrhagic shock, and also recycles iron.

Multiple choice

Dendritic cells and macrophages are

  1. monocytes

  2. lymphocytes

  3. granulocytes

  4. leukocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Dendritic cells and macrophages are monocytes. Dendritic cells function in processing antigen material and present it on cell surface to T-cells of immune system. Macrophages function in detecting, engulfing and destroying pathogens and apoptotic cells.

Multiple choice

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic and often disabling autoimmune disease. Which of the following might be helpful in cerebral systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

  1. Antinuclear antibodies

  2. Antineuronal antibodies

  3. C8 levels in serum

  4. C3 levels in CSF

  5. Immune complex levels in CSF
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A marker of SLE, but also found in many other diseases; their presence in a patient suspected of having cerebral lupus indicates that dsDNA binding antibodies and ENA antibodies must be measured. These will be present in SLE, including cerebral SLE.

Multiple choice

In which procedure is dextran used?

  1. Blood clotting

  2. Blood preservation

  3. Bleeding

  4. Blood transfusion

  5. Organ transplant
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Blood transfusion is generally a process of receiving blood products into one's circulation intravenously. Dextran is a complex branched glucan composed of chains of varying lengths. It is used medicinally, as an antithrombotic (anti-platelet) to reduce blood viscosity and as a volume expander in anemia.

Multiple choice

The nucleus of which of the following leukocytes are considered as lysosomes?

  1. Monocytes

  2. Basophils

  3. Eosinophils

  4. Neutrophils

  5. Lymphocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Eosinophils have a bilobed nucleus (two lobes connected by a narrow strand of chromatin). Their granules are considered to be lysosomes. Eosinophils actively phagocytize complexes formed by the action of antibodies on antigens (foreign substances).

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is not true about blood plasma?

  1. It is faint yellow in colour.

  2. It is composed of corpuscles.

  3. It cannot coagulate.

  4. It is the fluid part of blood.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Blood consists of a fluid medium known as plasma, which contains salts, enzymes and different proteins. It is faint yellow in colour. Blood also consists of corpuscles like red blood cells (RBC’s), white blood cells (WBC’s) and platelets. But blood plasma itself is not composed of corpuscles. So, option (2) is incorrect.

Multiple choice

Match the following ||||| |---|---|---|---| |1.|Lymphocytes|a.|have red pigment| |2.|Erythrocytes|b.|produce megakaryocytes| |3.|Platelets|c.|are secreted by basophil| |4.|Histamine|d.|are of two types, B and T |

  1. 1 - c, 2 - b, 3 - d, 4 - a

  2. 1 - b, 2 - c, 3 - a, 4 - d

  3. 1 - b, 2 - d, 3 - c, 4 - a

  4. 1 - d, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4 - c

  5. 1 - a, 2 - c, 3 - d, 4 - b
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Yes, it is correct as all are matched correctly. Erythrocytes have red coloured pigment. It is because of the presence of iron. Platelets are formed by megakaryocytes present in bone marrow. Basophils secrete histamine, serotonin, heparin. etc. Lymphocytes are of two types; 'B' and 'T'. No, it is incorrect. Here, 1 and 4 are matched incorrectly. The correct match is 1 - d, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4 - c.

Multiple choice

A person with blood group ‘A’ can donate blood to the persons with blood group ‘A’ or ‘AB’ because it

  1. has both ‘A’ and ‘B’ antigens

  2. has only ‘A’ antigen and ‘b’ antibodies

  3. has only ‘B’ antigen and ‘a’ antibodies

  4. does not have any antigens and antibodies
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A person with blood group ‘A’ can donate blood to persons with blood group A or ‘AB’ because it has only ‘A’ antigen and ‘b’ antibodies.

Multiple choice

If there are no antibodies in plasma, and antigens on RBCs are A and B, and the blood group of the person is AB, then which of the following can be the donor group?

(a) A (b) B (c) O (d) AB

  1. Only (a)

  2. Only (b)

  3. Only (c)

  4. Any of the above

  5. Cannot be determined
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Yes, it is the correct answer as the donor group can be any one of the above blood groups. AB blood group is universal recipient and a person with blood group AB can receive blood from any blood group. No, it is incorrect.