Human Immunity and Blood

AB blood group is formed when alleles I^A and I^B come together. Both alleles are equally dominant so they are equally expressed as AB group.

This is the correct answer. The cross can be depicted as follows: Parents : AB x O Genotype: I^A, I^B x ii Gametes: I^A, I^B x i Offsprings: I^Ai and  I^Bi

This condition is called as polycythemia.

It is also known as factor 5. It helps in clotting of blood.

The blood stored in blood banks is called citrated whole blood. It is protected from coagulation by acid citrate dextrose.

A lymphocyte is a kind of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system, specifically, a landmark of the adaptive immune system.  It also helps in the transportation of fats.

This is an anticoagulant, which is used in laboratories for blood cell counting.

Haemoconia (or Hemoconia) are small particles of lipids formed by fragmentation of the stroma of erythrocytes (red-blood cells).

Antiserum contains polyclonal antibodies.

Spleen is an organ in which lymphoid tissue and blood are inter-mixed. Here the lymphocytes proliferate, and the worn-out red blood cells are recycled.

Classification Determinant-8 is a transmembrane glycoprotein present in Regulatory T cell.

This option is correct because Peyer's patches, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and adenoids are peripheral lymphoid organs.

Inflammation is the immune system's response where various cells (white blood cells, etc.) are recruited to the site of infection or injury to fight pathogens and begin healing. Infection is the pathogen's invasion, immunization is preventive exposure, and vaccination is a preventive method - none describe the cellular recruitment process.

Sickle-cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that produces abnormal hemoglobin (HbS). When oxygen levels are low, this hemoglobin polymerizes and causes red blood cells to become rigid and sickle-shaped, unlike normal biconcave discs.

Plasma is the fluid (straw-colored liquid) portion of blood that remains when red and white blood cells and platelets are removed. It contains water, proteins, electrolytes, and transports nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Serum is similar but lacks clotting factors, while lymph and tissue fluid are different bodily fluids.