Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,096 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily produced by Th1 cells?

  1. Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

  2. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

  3. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

  4. Interleukin-17 (IL-17)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Th1 cells are known for producing IFN-γ, which is a key cytokine involved in cell-mediated immunity and defense against intracellular pathogens.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily produced by Th17 cells?

  1. Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

  2. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

  3. Interleukin-17 (IL-17)

  4. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Th17 cells are known for producing IL-17, which is a cytokine involved in promoting inflammation and defense against extracellular bacteria and fungi.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily produced by Tregs?

  1. Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

  2. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

  3. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

  4. Interleukin-17 (IL-17)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Tregs are known for producing IL-10, which is a cytokine that suppresses immune responses and promotes immune tolerance.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily produced by Th22 cells?

  1. Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

  2. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

  3. Interleukin-22 (IL-22)

  4. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Th22 cells are known for producing IL-22, which is a cytokine involved in promoting tissue repair and defense against extracellular bacteria and fungi.

Multiple choice

What is the role of follicular helper T cells (Tfh) in the immune system?

  1. To activate cytotoxic T cells

  2. To promote antibody production by B cells in germinal centers

  3. To regulate inflammatory responses

  4. To directly kill infected cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Tfh cells play a crucial role in promoting antibody production by B cells in germinal centers, which is essential for the generation of high-affinity antibodies.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily produced by Tfh cells?

  1. Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

  2. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

  3. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

  4. Interleukin-21 (IL-21)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Tfh cells are known for producing IL-21, which is a cytokine that promotes antibody production by B cells and the formation of germinal centers.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily produced by Tr1 cells?

  1. Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

  2. Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

  3. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

  4. Interleukin-17 (IL-17)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Tr1 cells are known for producing IL-10, which is a cytokine that suppresses immune responses and promotes immune tolerance.

Multiple choice

Which transcription factor is essential for the development of Th2 cells?

  1. T-bet

  2. GATA-3

  3. RORγt

  4. Foxp3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

GATA-3 is a transcription factor that is essential for the development and function of Th2 cells, which are involved in humoral immunity.

Multiple choice

What is the role of retinoic acid (RA) in the differentiation of T helper cells?

  1. It promotes the differentiation of Th1 cells

  2. It promotes the differentiation of Th2 cells

  3. It promotes the differentiation of Th17 cells

  4. It promotes the differentiation of Tregs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

RA is a metabolite of vitamin A that plays a role in promoting the differentiation of Tregs, which are involved in immune tolerance.

Multiple choice

Which type of immune cell is responsible for producing antibodies?

  1. B cells

  2. T cells

  3. Natural killer cells

  4. Macrophages
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

B cells are responsible for producing antibodies, which are proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens.

Multiple choice

What is the role of T cells in the immune response?

  1. To produce antibodies

  2. To destroy infected cells

  3. To activate B cells

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

T cells play a crucial role in the immune response by destroying infected cells, activating B cells, and providing help to other immune cells.

Multiple choice

Which type of immune disorder is characterized by the production of autoantibodies?

  1. Allergy

  2. Autoimmune disease

  3. Immunodeficiency

  4. Hypersensitivity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the production of autoantibodies, which are antibodies that target the body's own tissues.

Multiple choice

What is the role of the MHC molecules in the immune response?

  1. To present antigens to T cells

  2. To activate B cells

  3. To produce antibodies

  4. To destroy infected cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

MHC molecules present antigens to T cells, which allows the T cells to recognize and respond to the antigens.

Multiple choice

Which type of MHC molecule is responsible for presenting antigens to CD8+ T cells?

  1. MHC class I

  2. MHC class II

  3. Both MHC class I and MHC class II

  4. Neither MHC class I nor MHC class II
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

MHC class I molecules are responsible for presenting antigens to CD8+ T cells.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is responsible for activating macrophages?

  1. Interferon-gamma

  2. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

  3. Interleukin-1

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 are all cytokines that can activate macrophages.