Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,096 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice

Which type of immune response is characterized by a delayed hypersensitivity reaction?

  1. Cell-mediated immunity

  2. Humoral immunity

  3. Innate immunity

  4. Adaptive immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cell-mediated immunity, involving the activation of T cells and macrophages, is responsible for delayed hypersensitivity reactions, such as those seen in tuberculin skin tests.

Multiple choice

Which type of immune response is responsible for generating memory cells?

  1. Cell-mediated immunity

  2. Humoral immunity

  3. Innate immunity

  4. Adaptive immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Adaptive immunity, involving the activation and differentiation of lymphocytes, is responsible for generating memory cells that provide long-term protection against pathogens.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a type of cancer?

  1. Carcinoma

  2. Sarcoma

  3. Leukemia

  4. Myeloma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Myeloma is a type of blood cancer, while carcinoma, sarcoma, and leukemia are all types of solid tumors.

Multiple choice

Which type of immune cell is primarily responsible for the maternal immune response during pregnancy?

  1. T cells

  2. B cells

  3. Natural killer cells

  4. Macrophages
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

T cells, particularly regulatory T cells (Tregs), play a key role in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing the rejection of the fetus during pregnancy.

Multiple choice

Which type of fetal antigen is primarily responsible for inducing alloimmune thrombocytopenia?

  1. Human platelet antigen-1a (HPA-1a)

  2. Human platelet antigen-5b (HPA-5b)

  3. Human platelet antigen-9 (HPA-9)

  4. Human platelet antigen-15 (HPA-15)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

HPA-1a is the most common fetal platelet antigen that can induce alloimmune thrombocytopenia in pregnant women who lack this antigen.

Multiple choice

Which type of immune cell is primarily responsible for attacking and destroying infected cells during pregnancy?

  1. Natural killer cells

  2. Cytotoxic T cells

  3. Helper T cells

  4. B cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Natural killer cells play a crucial role in the innate immune response during pregnancy by recognizing and destroying infected cells, including those infected with viruses or bacteria.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the condition in which the maternal immune system produces antibodies against fetal red blood cell antigens, leading to hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

  1. Alloimmune hemolytic anemia

  2. Alloimmune thrombocytopenia

  3. Pre-eclampsia

  4. Gestational diabetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Alloimmune hemolytic anemia is a condition in which the maternal immune system produces antibodies against fetal red blood cell antigens, leading to the destruction of fetal red blood cells and potential complications for the fetus.

Multiple choice

Which fetal red blood cell antigen is primarily responsible for inducing alloimmune hemolytic anemia?

  1. Rhesus (Rh) factor

  2. Kell antigen

  3. Duffy antigen

  4. Kidd antigen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Rh factor is the most common fetal red blood cell antigen that can induce alloimmune hemolytic anemia in pregnant women who lack this antigen.

Multiple choice

What is the recommended treatment for leukemia in children?

  1. Chemotherapy

  2. Radiation therapy

  3. Stem cell transplant

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The recommended treatment for leukemia in children includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant, and a combination of these approaches.

Multiple choice

Which type of cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the blood-forming tissues?

  1. Leukemia

  2. Lymphoma

  3. Myeloma

  4. Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and lymph nodes.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the treatment modality that uses the body's immune system to fight cancer?

  1. Immunotherapy

  2. Chemotherapy

  3. Radiotherapy

  4. Surgery
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Immunotherapy is a treatment modality that uses the body's immune system to fight cancer by enhancing its ability to recognize and attack cancer cells.

Multiple choice

Which type of cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the blood-forming tissues?

  1. Leukemia

  2. Lymphoma

  3. Myeloma

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma are all types of cancer that arise from the blood-forming tissues. Leukemia affects the white blood cells, lymphoma affects the lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues, and myeloma affects the plasma cells.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a laboratory finding associated with neonatal sepsis?

  1. Leukocytosis

  2. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP)

  3. Positive blood culture

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Leukocytosis, elevated CRP, and positive blood culture are all laboratory findings associated with neonatal sepsis.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a laboratory finding associated with neonatal meningitis?

  1. Leukocytosis

  2. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP)

  3. Positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Leukocytosis, elevated CRP, and positive CSF culture are all laboratory findings associated with neonatal meningitis.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a laboratory finding associated with neonatal pneumonia?

  1. Leukocytosis

  2. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP)

  3. Positive chest X-ray

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Leukocytosis, elevated CRP, and positive chest X-ray are all laboratory findings associated with neonatal pneumonia.