Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,096 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a type of natural killer (NK) cell?

  1. CD56bright NK cells

  2. CD56dim NK cells

  3. NKT cells

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

CD56bright NK cells, CD56dim NK cells, and NKT cells are all types of natural killer (NK) cells that help to kill or inactivate pathogens.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a type of dendritic cell?

  1. Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs)

  2. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs)

  3. Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs)

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) are all types of dendritic cells that help to activate adaptive immune responses.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a type of innate lymphoid cell (ILC)?

  1. Natural killer (NK) cells

  2. Group 1 ILCs

  3. Group 2 ILCs

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Natural killer (NK) cells, group 1 ILCs, and group 2 ILCs are all types of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that help to regulate the immune response.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a type of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that is expressed on the surface of phagocytes?

  1. Toll-like receptors (TLRs)

  2. C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)

  3. NOD-like receptors (NLRs)

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are all types of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are expressed on the surface of phagocytes and help to recognize pathogens.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a type of phagocyte?

  1. Neutrophils

  2. Macrophages

  3. Dendritic cells

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells are all types of phagocytes that help to engulf and destroy pathogens.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a type of cytokine that is produced by macrophages?

  1. Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

  2. Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

  3. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are all types of cytokines that are produced by macrophages and help to regulate the immune response.

Multiple choice

Which type of immune response is primarily responsible for transplant rejection?

  1. Humoral immune response

  2. Cell-mediated immune response

  3. Innate immune response

  4. Adaptive immune response
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The cell-mediated immune response, particularly the activation of cytotoxic T cells, plays a crucial role in transplant rejection by recognizing and destroying foreign tissues.

Multiple choice

Which cell type plays a critical role in inducing immune tolerance to transplanted tissues?

  1. Regulatory T cells (Tregs)

  2. Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)

  3. Helper T cells (Th cells)

  4. Natural killer (NK) cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in inducing immune tolerance by suppressing the activation and proliferation of other immune cells, thereby preventing immune rejection.

Multiple choice

Which cell type is responsible for presenting antigens to T cells and initiating immune responses?

  1. Macrophages

  2. Neutrophils

  3. Dendritic cells

  4. Natural killer (NK) cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Dendritic cells are specialized antigen-presenting cells that play a critical role in initiating immune responses by presenting antigens to T cells.

Multiple choice

Which type of immune response is characterized by the production of antibodies?

  1. Cell-mediated immune response

  2. Humoral immune response

  3. Innate immune response

  4. Adaptive immune response
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The humoral immune response is characterized by the production of antibodies, which are proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens.

Multiple choice

What is the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in immune tolerance?

  1. Promoting inflammation and tissue destruction

  2. Suppressing immune responses and preventing autoimmunity

  3. Activating the complement system to destroy pathogens

  4. Stimulating the production of antibodies against foreign antigens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in immune tolerance by suppressing immune responses and preventing autoimmunity.

Multiple choice

Which signaling pathway is commonly targeted by immunosuppressive drugs to inhibit B cell activation?

  1. JAK/STAT pathway

  2. MAPK pathway

  3. PI3K/Akt pathway

  4. TGF-β pathway
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The PI3K/Akt pathway is a key signaling pathway involved in B cell activation and differentiation. Immunosuppressive drugs often target this pathway to inhibit B cell responses.

Multiple choice

What type of immune cell is responsible for phagocytosing and destroying pathogens?

  1. Neutrophils

  2. Macrophages

  3. Dendritic cells

  4. B cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Neutrophils, a type of phagocytic white blood cell, are the first responders to infection, engulfing and destroying pathogens through phagocytosis.

Multiple choice

What is the role of memory cells in the immune response?

  1. Producing antibodies

  2. Engulfing pathogens

  3. Releasing cytokines

  4. Remembering past infections
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Memory cells retain information about past infections, enabling a rapid and robust immune response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for coordinating the inflammatory response?

  1. Interferon-gamma

  2. Interleukin-2

  3. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

  4. Interleukin-10
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a key cytokine involved in initiating and regulating the inflammatory response.