Biology

Human Immunity and Blood

2,096 Questions

Human immunity and blood questions cover the physiological mechanisms protecting the body against diseases and the components of blood. Topics include blood groups, cell mediated immunity, monoclonal antibodies, and blood coagulation. These biology topics frequently appear in general science sections of competitive exams.

Blood groupsCell mediated immunityMonoclonal antibodiesBlood coagulationCancer immunology

Human Immunity and Blood Questions

Multiple choice

Which type of immune cell is responsible for producing natural killer cells?

  1. T cells

  2. B cells

  3. Macrophages

  4. Bone marrow
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The bone marrow is responsible for producing natural killer cells, which are a type of white blood cell that can kill infected cells and tumor cells.

Multiple choice

Which type of immune response is responsible for providing protection against intracellular pathogens?

  1. Humoral immune response

  2. Cell-mediated immune response

  3. Innate immune response

  4. Adaptive immune response
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The cell-mediated immune response is responsible for providing protection against intracellular pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria that live inside cells.

Multiple choice

Which type of cancer is commonly treated with stem cell transplant?

  1. Leukemia

  2. Lymphoma

  3. Multiple Myeloma

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Stem cell transplant is a common treatment option for various blood cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.

Multiple choice

What is the main treatment for physiologic jaundice?

  1. Phototherapy

  2. Intravenous immunoglobulin

  3. Exchange transfusion

  4. No treatment is necessary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Physiologic jaundice is a benign condition that typically resolves on its own without treatment.

Multiple choice

What is the recommended management of pathologic jaundice?

  1. Phototherapy

  2. Intravenous immunoglobulin

  3. Exchange transfusion

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The management of pathologic jaundice depends on the underlying cause and may include phototherapy, intravenous immunoglobulin, and exchange transfusion.

Multiple choice

What is the most common complication of exchange transfusion?

  1. Infection

  2. Thrombosis

  3. Hypocalcemia

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The most common complications of exchange transfusion include infection, thrombosis, and hypocalcemia.

Multiple choice

What is the role of neutrophils in the inflammatory response?

  1. They phagocytose foreign particles

  2. They release histamine and serotonin

  3. They produce antibodies

  4. They activate complement proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Neutrophils are phagocytic cells that engulf and destroy foreign particles, including bacteria and cellular debris. They are among the first cells to arrive at the site of inflammation.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for the vasodilation and increased vascular permeability seen in inflammation?

  1. Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

  2. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)

  3. Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

  4. Histamine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Histamine is a potent vasodilator and increases vascular permeability, leading to the redness and swelling associated with inflammation. It is released by mast cells and basophils.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of inflammatory cell?

  1. Neutrophils

  2. Macrophages

  3. Lymphocytes

  4. Eosinophils
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Lymphocytes are not inflammatory cells in the strict sense. They are part of the adaptive immune system and play a role in specific immune responses, such as antibody production and cell-mediated immunity.

Multiple choice

What is the role of macrophages in the inflammatory response?

  1. They phagocytose foreign particles and cellular debris

  2. They release histamine and serotonin

  3. They produce antibodies

  4. They activate complement proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf and destroy foreign particles, including bacteria, cellular debris, and apoptotic cells. They also secrete cytokines and other inflammatory mediators.

Multiple choice

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for the fever associated with inflammation?

  1. Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

  2. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)

  3. Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

  4. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a potent pyrogen, meaning it can induce fever. It acts on the hypothalamus, causing an increase in body temperature.

Multiple choice

What is the role of complement proteins in the inflammatory response?

  1. They promote vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

  2. They inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines

  3. They stimulate the production of antibodies

  4. They lyse foreign cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Complement proteins are a group of proteins that work together to lyse foreign cells, such as bacteria and viruses. They also promote inflammation by generating anaphylatoxins, which are potent inflammatory mediators.

Multiple choice

What is the role of leukotrienes in the inflammatory response?

  1. They promote vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

  2. They inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines

  3. They stimulate the production of antibodies

  4. They attract neutrophils to the site of inflammation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Leukotrienes are lipid mediators that attract neutrophils to the site of inflammation. They also promote bronchoconstriction and mucus production in the airways.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of inflammatory cell?

  1. Neutrophils

  2. Macrophages

  3. Eosinophils

  4. Basophils
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Basophils are not inflammatory cells in the strict sense. They are involved in allergic reactions and release histamine and other inflammatory mediators.

Multiple choice

What is the most common type of blood transfusion?

  1. Whole blood transfusion

  2. Red blood cell transfusion

  3. Platelet transfusion

  4. Plasma transfusion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Red blood cell transfusions are the most frequently performed type, as they are used to treat conditions such as anemia and blood loss.