Environmental Studies · Chemistry

Environmental and Chemical Processes

2,261 Questions

Environmental and chemical processes encompass waste management, pollution remediation, and biogas conversion. These questions evaluate your grasp of how organic and synthetic materials interact with ecosystems. Such topics regularly appear in general science and environmental studies papers.

Waste managementBiogas conversionPhytoremediationSoil washingPollution control

Environmental and Chemical Processes Questions

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

Important steps in decomposition are

  1. Fragmentation and mineralisation

  2. Leeching and catabolism

  3. Humification and mineralisation

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Decomposition is the process of breaking of complex organic matter into simpler inorganic matter. There are five steps of decomposition. These are fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification and mineralization. Fragmentation is the process of breaking of detritus into small pieces by detrivores. Leaching is the process of releasing nutrients in the water and seeping into the soil. Catabolism is the process of breaking down of complex molecules into the simpler molecules. Humification is the process of formation of dark colored humus on the soil. MIneralization is the process of degradation of the hummus to release inorganic nutrients.

Thus, the correct answer is 'All of the above.'

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

Which process of decomposition is correctly described?

  1. Leaching: Water soluble inorganic nutrients rise to the top layers of soil

  2. Fragmentation: Carried out by organisms such as earthworm

  3. Humification: Leads to accumulation of a dark coloured substance humus which undergoes microbial action at a very fast rate

  4. Catabolism: Last step in decomposition under fully anaerobic conditions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Decomposition is the process of breaking of complex organic matter into simpler inorganic matter. There are five steps of decomposition. These are fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification and mineralization. Fragmentation is the process of breaking of detritus into small pieces by detrivores such as earthworm.
Leaching is the process of releasing nutrients in the water and seeping into the soil.
Humification is the process of formation of dark colored substance humus on the soil. It undergoes microbial action at a slow rate. Mineralization is the process of degradation of the hummus to release inorganic nutrients.
Catabolism is the process of breaking down of complex molecules into the simpler molecules.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Fragmentation: Carried out by organisms such as earthworm.'
Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

During the process of decomposition in which stage complex organic matter is converted into organic ions and salts by fungi

  1. Mineralisation

  2. Catabolism

  3. Fragmentation

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Decomposition is the process of breaking of complex organic matter into simpler inorganic matter. There are five steps of decomposition. These are fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification and mineralization. Fragmentation is the process of breaking of detritus into small pieces by detrivores. Leaching is the process of releasing nutrients in the water and seeping into the soil. Catabolism is the process of breaking down of complex organic molecules into the simpler organic ions and salts by fungi. Humification is the process of formation of dark colored humus on the soil. MIneralization is the process of degradation of the hummus to release inorganic nutrients.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Catabolism.'

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

Which one of the following processes during decomposition is correctly described ?

  1. Fragmentation Carried out by organisms such as earthworm

  2. Humification Leads to the accumulation of a dark coloured substance humus which undergoes microbial action at a very fast rate

  3. Catabolism Last step in the decomposition under fully anaerobic condition

  4. Leaching Water soluble inorganic nutrients rise to the top layers of soil
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
-Detrivores(eg- Earthworms) breakdown detritus into smaller particles. this process is called fragmentation.
-Humification leads to the accumulation of dark coloured substance humus which undergoes microbial action at an extremely slow rate.
-Catabolism the third step of decomposition which occurs by fungal and bacteria action under anaerobic condition.
-By the process of leaching, water-soluble inorganic nutrients go down into the soil horizon and get precipitated as unavailable salts.
So, the correct answer is 'Option A'.
So the correct option is A.
Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

The breakdown of detritus into smaller particles by earthworm is a process called as

  1. Humification

  2. Fragmentation

  3. Mineralisation

  4. Catabolism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Steps of decomposition are: 

a. Fragmentation: It is the breakdown of detritus into smaller particles by detritivores (e.g., earthworm). 
b. Leaching: By this process, water soluble inorganic nutrients go down into the soil horizon and get precipitated as unavailable salts. 
c. Catabolism: Degradation of detritus into simpler inorganic substances by bacterial and fungal enzymes. Fragmentation, leaching and catabolism operate simultaneously on the detritus. 
d. Humification: Accumulation of humus (dark amorphous substance) in soil. Humus is resistant to microbial action and so decomposes very slowly.
e. Mineralization: It is the release of inorganic nutrients due to the degradation of humus some microbes.

Multiple choice commercial applications management of natural resources unequal distribution of resources protecting our environment rules are for everyone

Biogas mainly consists of

  1. Ethane
  2. $CO _2$
  3. $H _2$

  4. Methane
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Biogas is a form of energy produced from anaerobic decomposition of waste material and organic matter. It is a renewable source of energy and a good alternative in place of fossil fuels which are depleting with time. Biogas is produced by methanogenic bacteria which breakdown organic matter in the absence of oxygen. They produce biogas which is a mixture of gases like methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) in different composition as follows:
  • Methane 50- 75%
  • Carbon dioxide 25- 35%
  • Hydrogen 0 -1%
Hence, most of the fraction is of methane.
So, the correct answer is 'Methane'.
Multiple choice zoology biodiversity, classification and conservation levels of biodiversity environmental conservation and biodiversity biodiversity on earth and in india

All of these are human activities that threaten biodiversity except  

  1. The release of excess nitrates from agricultural runoff

  2. Over-harvesting of plants and animals

  3. Overuse of herbicides

  4. Habitat preservation

  5. Excessive ultraviolet radiation from a depleted ozone layers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Various fertilizers are used in agriculture which contain nitrogen as a key component. Runoff from agricultural land causes the release of excess nitrates.
B. Over harvesting of plants and animals for profit by the mankind has resulted into extinction of various species.
C. Overuse of herbicides kills the soil microflora and other microorganisms also.
D. Habitat preservation is not a threat to biodiversity as it will save the species.
E. Ozone has depleted due to various human activities like CFCs and due to this, excess ultraviolet rays can reach the earth and cause various problems to biodiversity.
Hence statement C is incorrect.
So, the correct answer is 'Habitat preservation'.
Multiple choice chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

Process of conversion of wood into coal by biochemical process, taking over millions of years is called :

  1. Catenation

  2. Carbonation

  3. Pyrolysis

  4. Destructive distillation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Process of conversion of wood into coal by biochemical process over a millions of years is called carbonation.This process occurs in the deep level of earth.

Hence option B is correct.

Multiple choice chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

What happens in carbonization process?

  1. Hydrolysis

  2. Electrolysis

  3. Pyrolysis

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Carbonization is the term which means destructive distillation of coal which is done in the absence air in order to obtain coke and other fractions having greater percentage of carbon than the original material.


It is defined as the conversion of organic matter into carbon or the residues containing carbon through the process of pyrolysis or destructive distillation.

In the organic chemistry it is referred as the generation of coal gas or coal tar from raw coal materials.It is also applied to the pyrolysis of coal to produce coke and charcoal etc.

Option C is correct.

Multiple choice commercial applications global environmental change causes of resource depletion causes of greenhouse effect ozone layer depletion

Chlorofluorocarbons are responsible for

  1. Acid rain

  2. Ozone layer depletion

  3. Global warming

  4. Thermal inversion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Ozone is found in high concentration in the stratosphere of the earth's surface in the form of ozone blanket or commonly known as the ozone layer. The vital function of ozone is to absorb the sun's ultraviolet radiation before it reaches the ground hence protecting the earth from its harmful effect. But the ozone-depleting substance such as Chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxides, etc that reacting with the ozone layer by releasing the reactive chlorine and cause depletion of it forming ozone hole. The concentration of ozone is less than 220 DU in the hole.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Ozone layer depletion'.