Environmental Studies · Chemistry

Environmental and Chemical Processes

2,261 Questions

Environmental and chemical processes encompass waste management, pollution remediation, and biogas conversion. These questions evaluate your grasp of how organic and synthetic materials interact with ecosystems. Such topics regularly appear in general science and environmental studies papers.

Waste managementBiogas conversionPhytoremediationSoil washingPollution control

Environmental and Chemical Processes Questions

Multiple choice perfect competition and monopoly market structure and pricing economics

__________ is a process in which various organisms including bacteria and fungi break down organic matter into simpler substances under controlled aerobic conditions.

  1. Segregation

  2. Dumping

  3. Composting

  4. Drainage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Organic waste is broken down by microbes (bacteria) into simpler substances. It is a multi-step process which is closely monitored with measured inputs of water, carbon and nitrogen rich compounds.

Multiple choice perfect competition and monopoly market structure and pricing economics

The composting process is carried out by __________.

  1. Psychrophiles - low-temperature microbes

  2. Mesophiles - medium temperature microbes

  3. Thermophiles - high-temperature microbes

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The three types of bacteria work at different temperatures to decompose the organic matter. Psychrophiles work at lowest temperature, around 55-70 degrees Fahrenheit to break down the organic matter. They give off small heat in the process which is sufficient enough for Mesophilic bacteria to begin composting. They prefer temperatures from 70-100 degrees Fahrenheit and give off heat while decomposing. They die when the temperature goes beyond 100 degrees and this is when thermophiles (heat loving bacteria) begin working.

Multiple choice zoology introduction to microbiology microbial pollution control environmental use of microorganism microbes in waste treatment and biogas

Sewage treatment in which a portion of decomposer bacteria present in waste is recycled into the beginning of the process is

  1. Cyclic treatment

  2. Activated sludge treatment

  3. Primary treatment

  4. Tertiary treatment
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Activated sludge treatment is the step involved in the treatment of sewage water. The sewage is treated in a large aerated tank and bacteria. Once, the process of decomposition is over, the filtrate obtained is called the activated sludge because it contains a high number of bacteria. This is then recycled in the next slot of treatment when the polluted sewage is available for the treatment. The activated sludge speeds up the process of decomposition by acting as an inoculum in the aeration tank. Primary treatment is the removal of large solid particles from the sewage. Tertiary treatment involves chemical treatment of the sewage water.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Activated Sludge treatment'.

Multiple choice biology garbage in, garbage out recycling of paper ways to reduce non degradable garbage recycling plastic waste thermocol reduce, recycle, reuse

Select the correct sequence of the process of paper recycling.

  1. Collection, sorting, pulping, deinking

  2. Collection, pulping, sorting, deinking

  3. Collection, deinking, sorting, pulping

  4. Deinking, sorting, pulping
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Paper, torn clothes and metallic and plastic discards are recyclable wastes. Recycling is processing used materials (waste) into new, useful products. This is done to reduce the use of raw materials that would have been used. Paper recycling is a process wherein, a paper that is used, discarded by the consumer, is collected and transported to paper mills. Here, it is sorted and is mixed with water and chemicals and converted into paper pulp. Deinking is carried out to remove printing ink from the paper fibers from the pulp and transformed into reusable form.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology garbage in, garbage out recycling of paper ways to reduce non degradable garbage recycling plastic waste thermocol reduce, recycle, reuse

The process of conversion of paper material into the slurry substance is called as

  1. Sorting

  2. Shredding

  3. Pulping

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The process of waste paper recycling involves mixing of used paper with water and chemicals to break it down. It is then chopped up and heated, which breaks down the paper further into strands of cellulose, a type of organic plant material. This resulting mixture is called as pulp or slurry. This process is called as pulping. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C.  

Multiple choice biology plant growth growth rates and conditions for growth population ecology growth and development

Process, container is being emptied into collection vehicles at point of collection is known as:

  1. Hauled Container System

  2. Stationary Container System

  3. Collection System

  4. Pulverization
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In a stationary container system, the collection vehicle travels to the site, empties the container, and moves to the next, whereas in a hauled container system, the entire container is removed.

Multiple choice zoology microbes in human welfare biogas environmental use of microorganism microbes in waste treatment and biogas

A sewage treatment process in which a part of decomposer bacteria present in the wastes is recycled into the starting of the process is called as:

  1. primary treatment

  2. activated sludge treatment

  3. tertiary treatment

  4. none of these.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A sewage treatment process in which a part of decomposer bacteria present in the wastes is recycled into the starting of the process is called activated sludge treatment .
So, the correct option is 'activated sludge treatment'
Multiple choice zoology microbes in human welfare biogas environmental use of microorganism microbes in waste treatment and biogas

Sewage treatment process in which part of decomposer bacteria is recycled into starting of the process is called.

  1. Cyclic treatment

  2. Primary treatment

  3. Tertiary treatment

  4. Activated sludge treatment
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A part of the activated sludge is pumped back into the aeration tank to serve as an inoculum in activated sludge treatment.

Correct answer-D

Multiple choice chemistry environmental chemistry biochemistry and the environment green chemistry strategies to control environmental pollution and green chemistry

Which of the following is not an objective of Green chemistry?

  1. It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.

  2. The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and innocuous when used.

  3. Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. If possible, synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All the three are objectives of Green chemistry.
1. Waste Prevention:   
It is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.
2. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries:    
The use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents, etc.) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and innocuous when used.
3. Design for Energy Efficiency:    
Energy requirements of chemical processes should be recognized for their environmental and economic impacts and should be minimized. If possible, synthetic methods should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.

Multiple choice chemistry environmental chemistry biochemistry and the environment green chemistry strategies to control environmental pollution and green chemistry

Taking chromium and arsenic, which are toxic, out of pressure-treated wood, and using new less toxic chemicals for bleaching paper, are examples of _________.

  1. Green chemistry

  2. Green revolution

  3. revolution resource recovery

  4. waste management
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Green chemistry seeks to develop products and processes that are kind to the environment. This can involve reducing the waste a process creates, using renewable materials, lessening the energy required to form a product, etc.
Both the processes in the question involves forming products which are more friendly towards the environment. Hence, they are the applications of Green chemistry.

Multiple choice biology ecosystem : structure and function biogeochemical cycles - sedimentary biogeochemical cycle nitrogen and phosphorus cycles

Which statement is not correct?

  1. Humification is followed by mineralization

  2. Low temperature and anaeobiosis accelerate decomposition

  3. The decomposition is slow if the detritus is rich in lignin and chitin

  4. Humus is highly resistance to microbial action
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Statement B is incorrect because low temperatures and anaerobiosis inhibit or slow down decomposition rather than accelerate it. Warm, moist, and aerobic conditions favor rapid microbial decomposition. The other statements regarding humification, lignin-rich detritus, and humus resistance are correct.