Environmental Studies · Chemistry

Environmental and Chemical Processes

2,261 Questions

Environmental and chemical processes encompass waste management, pollution remediation, and biogas conversion. These questions evaluate your grasp of how organic and synthetic materials interact with ecosystems. Such topics regularly appear in general science and environmental studies papers.

Waste managementBiogas conversionPhytoremediationSoil washingPollution control

Environmental and Chemical Processes Questions

Multiple choice biology wastewater story basics of water pollution sewage treatment wastewater treatment - need and methods personal and public cleanliness who will do this? water borne disease hygiene - a key to healthy life

A sewage treatment process, in which a part of decomposer bacteria present in the wastes is recycled into the starting of the process is called a/an:

  1. Cyclic treatment

  2. Activated sludge treatment

  3. Primary treatment

  4. Tertiary treatment
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Sewage pollution can be prevented by treating sewage, in sewage or effluent treatment plant, before passing into water course. The treatment comprises of primary treatment, secondary treatment and tertiary treatment.
Primary treatment consists of shredding, churning, floatation, screening and sedimentation.
In secondary treatment organic matter is decomposed through sewage fungus by passing sewage through water hyacinth pond, or trickling filter method if passing sewage through thick bed of gravel, or activated sludge method i.e., passing sewage through aerated or oxidation tanks. In activated sludge method, aeration helps in oxidation of sludge or biosolid. The aerobic bacteria can be recycled. The cleared water is now chlorinated with chlorine or perchlorate salts, ozonised or irradiated with ultraviolet light to kill pathogens.
The activated sludge process is a process for treating sewage and industrial wastewaters using air and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa.
The tertiary treatment is physico-chemical treatment for removing turbidity and dissolved substances. Alum, ferric chloride and lime are used for their precipitation.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology wastewater story basics of water pollution sewage treatment wastewater treatment - need and methods personal and public cleanliness who will do this? water borne disease hygiene - a key to healthy life

A sewage treatment process in which a portion of the decomposer bacteria present in the waste is recycled into the beginning of the process, is called as

  1. Primary treatment

  2. Tertiary treatment

  3. Activated sludge treatment

  4. Cyclic treatment
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The activated sludge process is a process for treating sewage and industrial wastewaters using air and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa. Activated sludge refers to a mass of microorganisms cultivated in the treatment process to break down organic matter into carbon dioxide, water, and other inorganic compounds. 

The activated sludge process has three basic components: 
1) A reactor in which the microorganisms are kept in suspension, aerated, and in contact with the waste they are treating,
2) Liquid-solid separation and 
3) A sludge recycling system for returning activated sludge back to the beginning of the process. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

The release of inorganic nutrient from the degradation of organic matter is called as

  1. Fragmentation

  2. Humification

  3. Mineralisation

  4. Leaching
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Mineralization is the specific stage of decomposition where microbial action converts organic nutrients into inorganic forms that plants can absorb.

Multiple choice zoology ecosystem decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

During the process of decomposition in which stage complex organic matter convert into inorganic ions and salts by fungi?

  1. Mineralisation

  2. Catabolism

  3. Fragmentation

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Mineralisation is a process in which complex organic matter present in humus is converted into inorganic salts and ions. It is done by the action of saprophytic fungi.

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

The decomposed organic matter is called

  1. Callose

  2. Callus

  3. Litter

  4. Humus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Decomposition is the process of breaking of complex organic matter into simpler inorganic matter. There are five steps of decomposition. These are fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification and mineralization. Fragmentation is the process of breaking of detritus into small pieces by detrivores. Leaching is the process of releasing nutrients in the water and seeping into the soil. Catabolism is the process of breaking down of complex molecules into the simpler molecules. Humification is the process of formation of dark colored humus on the soil. The decomposed organic matter is called as humus. Mineralization is the process of degradation of the hummus to release inorganic nutrients.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Humus.'

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

Breakdown of detritus into smaller particles by earthworm is a process called

  1. Humification

  2. Fragmentation

  3. Mineralisation

  4. Catabolism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Decomposition is the process of breaking of complex organic matter into simpler inorganic matter. There are five steps of decomposition. These are fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification and mineralization. Fragmentation is the process of breaking of detritus into small pieces by earthworm. Leaching is the process of releasing nutrients in the water and seeping into the soil. Catabolism is the process of breaking down of complex molecules into the simpler molecules. Humification is the process of formation of dark colored humus on the soil. MIneralization is the process of degradation of the hummus to release inorganic nutrients.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Fragmentation.'

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

Breakdown of detritus into small particles by detrivores is called

  1. Leaching

  2. Humification

  3. Catabolism

  4. Mineralisation

  5. Fragmentation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Decomposition is the process of breaking of complex organic matter into simpler inorganic matter. There are five steps of decomposition. These are fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification and mineralization. Fragmentation is the process of breaking of detritus into small pieces by detrivores. Leaching is the process of releasing nutrients in the water and seeping into the soil. Catabolism is the process of breaking down of complex molecules into the simpler molecules. Humification is the process of formation of dark colored humus on the soil. MIneralization is the process of degradation of the hummus to release inorganic nutrients.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Fragmentation.'

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

During the process of decomposition, in which stage complex organic matter is converted to inorganic ions and salts by fungi?

  1. Mineralization

  2. Catabolism

  3. Fragmentation

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Mineralization in the process of decomposition in which complex organic matter is oxidized into soluble inorganic ions and salts. It increases bioavailability of the nutrients as soluble inorganic form is readily available to plants. The process is carried out by soil microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

The different steps involved in the process of decomposition of detritus are

  1. Fragmentation

  2. Leaching and Catabolism

  3. Humification and mineralization

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Decomposition is the process in which complex organic matter is broken down into inorganic raw materials with the help of decomposer. There are different steps involved in the process of decomposition of detritus like:
(1) Fragmentation: In this, complex organic matter is fragmented into smaller pieces by earthworms.
(2) Leaching: In this, water soluble nutrients penetrates into the soil layers and get locked as unavailable salts.
(3) Catabolism: In this, bacteria and fungi degrade detritus through various enzymes.
(4) Humification: This step results in the formation of a dark-coloured colloidal substance called humus. It is a reservoir of nutrients for plants.
(5) Mineralization: The humus is further degraded by the action of microbes and inorganic nutrients are released into the soil by the process of mineralization.
Thus, the correct answer is 'All of the above.'
Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

If breakdown of the detritus by detritivores is called fragmentation, then degradation of the detritus into simple inorganic substances,by bacterial and fungal enzymes is known as 

  1. Leaching

  2. Humifiacation

  3. Catabolism

  4. Mineralization
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

If the breakdown of the detritus by detrivores is called fragmentation, then the degradation of the detritus into simple inorganic substances, by bacterial and fungal enzymes is known as catabolism.

Leaching is the process by which the water-insoluble inorganic nutrients go down into soil horizon and get precipitated as unavailable salts.
Humification is the process of accumulation of a dark-colored amorphous substance called humus.
Mineralization is the process in which humus is further degraded by some microbes and release of inorganic nutrients occur.
So, the correct answer is 'Catabolism'.

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

During the process of decomposition in which stage complex organic matter convert into inorganic ions and salts by fungi?

  1. Mineralization

  2. Catabolism

  3. Fragmentation

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Mineralization is the final stage of decomposition where fungi and bacteria convert complex organic matter into inorganic ions and salts.

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

In which treatment, microorganism decompose fine organic matter?

  1. Preliminary Treatment

  2. Biological Treatment

  3. Secondary Treatment

  4. Tertiary Treatment
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Biological treatment processes in wastewater management utilize microorganisms to break down organic matter. This is the core mechanism for removing dissolved and fine organic pollutants.

Multiple choice zoology ecosystems decomposition in ecosystem ecosystem productivity and decomposition producers, consumers and decomposers

End product of 'aerobic' decomposition are:

  1. Unstable

  2. stable

  3. reactive

  4. Non Combustible
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Aerobic decomposition results in stable end products like carbon dioxide, water, and nitrates, which are not prone to further rapid decay. Unstable products are typically associated with incomplete or anaerobic processes.