Biology · General Awareness

Diseases and Health Risk Factors

2,602 Questions

Diseases and health risk factors examine the intrinsic and environmental causes of human illnesses. This includes common cancers, heart conditions, and substance abuse indicators. These topics are essential for biology papers in medical entrance and civil services examinations.

Cancer risk factorsSubstance abuse indicatorsIntrinsic disease factorsHeart disease risksInfant mortality causesChronic health conditions

Diseases and Health Risk Factors Questions

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

Which of the following is not a risk factor for CVD?

  1. Raised blood pressure

  2. Raised blood glucose

  3. Lack of iron

  4. Raised blood lipids

  5. Overweight.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is option C i.e. "Lack of iron"
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels (e.g. coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease,congenital heart disease, etc.). The most important risk factors of CVD are hypertension (raised blood pressure), diabetes (raised blood glucose), hyperlipidaemia (raised blood lipids), unhealthy diet, obesity (overweight), tobacco use, smoking and harmful use of alcohol.
Also, lack of iron leads to anemia or lack of hemoglobin production and not CVD.

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

Why hair loss is more in old age?

  1. Reduction of blood supply

  2. Decrease in protein synthesis

  3. Low energy production

  4. Reduced storage of glycogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation


  • Hair loss can be the result of heredity, hormonal changes, medical conditions or medications. Anyone can experience hair loss, but it's more common in men.
  •  Hereditary hair loss with age is the most common cause of baldness. 
  • Hair follicles thrive on nutrients and oxygen supplied by the blood capillaries. Increased blood circulation to the scalp encourages the scalp to increase hair growth throughout the entire head.
  •  A lack of oxygen affects all cells, including the hair cells and can cause premature hair thinning and hair loss. 
  • Hence,  hair loss is more in old age is due to Reduction of blood supply.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Reduction of blood supply'.

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

Which one of the following is not related to bone disorder?

  1. Arthritis

  2. Osteoporosis

  3. Atherosclerosis

  4. Ricket
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Atherosclerosis is not related to the bone disorder. It is a condition related to arteries. Atherosclerosis is a condition where the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to a buildup of cholesterol around the artery wall. Arthritis, rickets and osteoporosis are the diseases related to the bone disorder. 

So, the correct answer is 'Atherosclerosis'.

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

Coronary heart disease is due to

  1. Weakening of heart valves

  2. Insufficient blood supply to heart muscles

  3. Streptococci bacteria

  4. Inflammation of pericardium.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Coronary heart disease occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked, leading to insufficient blood supply (ischemia).

Multiple choice evs - i busy at work - our internal organs human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

The reason why the liver of alcohol addicts gets damaged is that it 

  1. Has to detoxify the alcohol.

  2. Stores excess of glycogen.

  3. Is over stimulated to secrete bile.

  4. Accumulate excess of fats.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • The liver breaks down and filters out harmful substances in the body. It also converts vitamins, nutrients and medicines into substances that our bodies can use.
  •  A central role in the toxicity of alcohol may be played by acetaldehyde itself. Although the liver converts acetaldehyde into acetic acid, it reaches a saturation point where some of it escapes into the blood stream.
  •  The accumulated acetaldehyde exerts its toxic effects by inhibiting the mitochondria reactions and functions. Hence, The reason why the liver of alcohol addicts gets damaged is that it Accumulate excess of fats.
So, the correct answer is 'Accumulate excess of fats'.

Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

Excessive consumption of alcohol is

  1. Alcoholism

  2. Drug addiction

  3. Hallucination

  4. Intoxication
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Alcoholism is the addiction of alcohol. It is dependency of a person on regular consumption of alcohol. Generally ethyl alcohol is consumed which can be in form of wine, bear etc. People suffering from alcoholism are obsessed with alcohol. Such people can't resist to drinking alcohol even if it is causing problems in their personal and professional life. Consumption of too much alcohol can cause serious health problems like liver failure.
So, the correct answer is 'Alcoholism'.
Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

Cardiomyopathy is associated with

  1. Occassional alcohol consumption

  2. Moderate alcohol consumption

  3. Chronic alcohol consumption

  4. Insufficient alcohol consumption
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cardiomyopathy is a disease of abnormal heart muscle. The heart becomes enlarged ann it is harder for the heart to pump and deliver blood to the rest of the body. The excessive consumption of alcohol is one of the causes of cardiomyopathy.
So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

Continuous and excessive intake of alcohol causes

  1. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

  2. Fatty liver

  3. Cirrhosis and hypertension

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Laenec syndrome is Laennec cirrhosis which is a disease of the liver in which the normal lobular architecture is lost.
Fatty liver syndrome is a reversible condition wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells via the process of steatosis.
Cirrhosis is a stage of scarring/fibrosis of the liver caused by many liver diseases.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D), 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice evs - i community health and hygiene drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence important stages in agricultural development disorders of nervous system

Addiction to tobacco is mainly due to presence of

  1. Amphetamines

  2. Nicotine

  3. Tar

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Nicotine is the primary addictive agent in cigarettes, chewing tobacco, cigars. Tobacco leads to nicotine dependence.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B), 'Nicotine.

Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

Peripheral vascular disease is most common in smokers which can lead to

  1. Gangrene

  2. Thrombosis

  3. Embolism

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Peripheral vascular disease is commonly used to refer to peripheral artery disease, meaning narrowing or occlusion by atherosclerotic plaques of arteries outside of the heart and brain.
Risk factors for peripheral artery disease include elevated blood cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension and smoking. Complications of peripheral artery disease include sores that do not heal, ulcers, gangrene or infections in the extremities. A peripheral vascular disease that affects the veins include deep vein thrombosis, varicose veins. Pulmonary embolism is also caused by the blood clot due to peripheral vascular disease.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

Alcoholism leads to

  1. Amnesia

  2. Lung-damage

  3. Cancer

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Alcoholism causes amnesia. The person drinks, does things and cannot remember them afterwards.

Essentially, amnesia is loss of memory. The memory can be either wholly or partially lost due to the extent of damage that was caused. There are two main types of amnesia, retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

Effects of alcohol on human body includes

  1. Increased blood sugar level

  2. Fatty liver syndrome

  3. Amnesia

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Alcoholism causes amnesia. The person drinks, does things and cannot remember them afterwards.
Alcohol can cause blood glucose levels to rise or fall, depending on how much you drink.
Fatty liver syndrome results from the deposition of fats in liver cells resulting from the consumption of alcohol.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

Alcohol addiction is harmful because it causes

  1. Protein deposition in liver

  2. Deposition of extra fat in liver

  3. Rise in blood sugar level

  4. Cancer

  5. Both B and D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Alcoholism is a condition of taking excess alcohol at a time or frequently. This addiction can lead to damage to brain (like the mood change), heart ( strokes and high blood pressure), liver ( steatosis means excessive deposition of fat in the liver and causes fatty liver), and also causes cancer like throat, mouth and liver. Thus, the correct answer is option E.