Biology · General Awareness

Diseases and Health Risk Factors

2,629 Questions

Diseases and health risk factors examine the intrinsic and environmental causes of human illnesses. This includes common cancers, heart conditions, and substance abuse indicators. These topics are essential for biology papers in medical entrance and civil services examinations.

Cancer risk factorsSubstance abuse indicatorsIntrinsic disease factorsHeart disease risksInfant mortality causesChronic health conditions

Diseases and Health Risk Factors Questions

Multiple choice

What causes stress?

  1. Illness, exams, moving home and pressures at work

  2. Dry mouth

  3. Increased heart beat

  4. Loss of appetite
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Stress is a psychological response to external pressures or life events, such as exams, illness, or work demands. The other options are symptoms of stress, not causes.

Multiple choice

What can happen to people as a result of chronic malnutrition?

  1. obesity

  2. too much protein

  3. not enough carbohydrates

  4. disease and learning problems
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Chronic malnutrition, or undernutrition, results from a lack of essential nutrients, leading to stunted growth, weakened immune systems, and cognitive impairment. Obesity is a result of overnutrition.

Multiple choice biology human body and organ system blood pressure circulatory system transportation in animal and plants

Hypertension is not caused by

  1. Anaemia

  2. Atheroclerosis

  3. Obesity

  4. Arteriosclerosis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hypertension is often caused by factors that narrow or harden arteries, such as atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis, or by obesity. Anaemia is a condition characterized by a lack of red blood cells, which typically does not cause hypertension.

Multiple choice biology human body and organ system blood pressure circulatory system transportation in animal and plants

Some horses develop nose bleed during races perhaps because of

  1. The high cholesterol in their blood

  2. The high blood pressure involved

  3. Their need to bring down their body temperature

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Haemorrhage (EIPH), commonly known as bleeding, is the most widely recognized of all disorders affecting racehorses. EIPH is characterized by bleeding from the lungs after strenuous exercise. Research studies have shown that horses experience unusually high blood pressures within the lungs during exercise. Deep within the lung, thousands of tiny air sac or alveoli interface with capillaries, forming the blood-gas barrier. This incredibly thin barrier readily allows oxygen to move from the lungs into the blood (and carbon dioxide to move in the opposite direction). This blood-gas barrier is not sufficiently strong in horses, to withstand high stress on the capillary wall, that exist during races or intense exercise. Due to which some lung capillaries get ruptured and release blood into the airways. The term "pulmonary capillary stress failure" is also used to describe this phenomenon. 

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology our health non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

Which of the following are considered as risk factors which leads to non-communicable disease?

  1. Over sleeping

  2. Weakness

  3. Unhealthy diet

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Non-communicable diseases (like heart disease or diabetes) are strongly linked to lifestyle factors. An unhealthy diet is a primary risk factor for these conditions.

Multiple choice biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

Causative agents of cancer are termed 

  1. Oncogenes

  2. Radiogens

  3. Estrogens

  4. Carcinogens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Oncogenes are genes that has the potential to cause cancer.
Estrogens are a group of hormones that are important for female sexual and reproductive development.
Carcinogens are substances, radionuclide or radiation that is an agent directly involved in causing cancer.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

The substance that tends to produce cancer is known as

  1. Oncogene

  2. Carcinoma

  3. Carcinogen

  4. Metastasis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Carcinogen is a substance or agent that can cause cells to become cancerous by altering their genetic structure so that they multiply continuously and become malignant. Asbestos, DDT, and tobacco smoke are examples of carcinogens.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology health and diseases non-infectious diseases non infectious diseases categories of diseases

Out of the following, choose the wrong statement.

  1. High blood pressure is caused by excessive weight and lack of exercise.

  2. Cancers can be caused by genetic abnormalities.

  3. Peptic ulcers are caused by eating acidic food.

  4. Staphylococci is not the main causative agent of acne.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa is caused by disruption of the mucus layer on the gastric epithelial cells. It is wrong to believe that eating acidic foods may lead to development of peptic ulcers. Ulcer may be viewed as an extension of the cell damage found in acute gastritis. The most common sites for ulcers are the stomach and the first few centimetres of the duodenum. The main factors behind ulcer are:
(1) Reduced blood supply (Reduced blood flow and ischaemia may be caused by excessive cigarette smoking and stress, either physical or mental).
(2) Reduce mucus secretion (The composition and the amount of mucus may be altered, e.g., by regular and prolonged use of aspirin and other anti-inflammatory drugs by the reflux of bile acids and salts in chronic gastritis) and
(3) Raised levels of steroid hormones, e.g., in response to stress or when they are used as drugs in chronic gastritis by irradiation and the use of cytotoxic drugs).

Helicobacter pylori, is also a causative agent of this disorder.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice innate and learned behaviour option a: neurobiology and behaviour biology

Alcohol addiction leads to

  1. Neuritis

  2. Myitis

  3. Albuminuria

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Neuritis is the inflammation of axons of neurons in brain. Alcohol causes inflammation of nerves of peripheral nervous system. It is a severe condition in which nerves are damaged and this can cause unusual sensation in limbs and other body functions are also lost. Other symptoms include numbness in arms and legs, prickling sensations, impaired speech, impotency, vomiting, nausea, heat tolerance, dizziness etc.
So, the correct answer is 'Neuritis'.
Multiple choice innate and learned behaviour option a: neurobiology and behaviour biology

The factor responsible for cirrhosis of liver is 

  1. Sugar

  2. Hepatitis B

  3. Alcoholism

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cirrhosis of liver is characterized by replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis (scar tissue) and regenerative nodules (or lumps that occur due to attempted repair of the damaged tissue). Cirrhosis is most commonly caused by alcoholism, hepatitis-B, hepatitis-C and fatty liver disease. 

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is due to a number of reasons, including being overweight, diabetes, high blood fats, and high blood pressure.

Multiple choice innate and learned behaviour option a: neurobiology and behaviour biology

Cirrhosis of liver is caused by the chronic intake of

  1. Opium

  2. Alcohol

  3. Tobacco

  4. Cocaine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cirrhosis is an abnormal liver condition in which there is irreversible scarring of the liver. The main causes are sustained excessive alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis B and C, and fatty liver disease, however, there are many possible causes. People with cirrhosis may develop jaundice (yellowing of the skin, eyes and tongue), itching and extreme tiredness. So, the correct answer is option B.