Biology · General Awareness

Disease Symptoms and Effects

2,300 Questions

Disease symptoms and effects involve identifying physical and clinical signs of various medical conditions, ranging from infectious diseases to psychological grief. Topics cover diverse health issues such as anthrax, norovirus, sensorineural hearing loss, and environmental illnesses. These questions are essential for medical exams and general science sections.

Infectious disease symptomsEnvironmental illness signsPhysical health indicatorsPsychological disorder effects

Disease Symptoms and Effects Questions

Multiple choice

A child is present with ear infection, with foul smelling discharge. On further exploration, a small perforation is found in the pars flacida of the tympanic membrane. Most appropriate next step in the management would be

  1. topical antibiotics and decongestants for 4 weeks

  2. IV antibiotics and follow up after a month

  3. tympanoplasty

  4. tympano-mastoid exploration
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Foul-smelling ear discharge with perforation in pars flaccida (not pars tensa) strongly suggests cholesteatoma. Pars flaccida perforations are characteristic of acquired cholesteatoma, which requires tympano-mastoid exploration for complete removal and prevention of complications like mastoid infection, intracranial spread, or hearing loss. Topical antibiotics or IV antibiotics alone would be inadequate. Tympanoplasty without mastoid exploration would miss the disease extension.

Multiple choice

Which one of the following is not a feature of DKA?

  1. Tachypnoea

  2. Bradycardia

  3. Abdominal pain

  4. Dehydration
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) typically causes TACHYCARDIA as a compensatory response to volume depletion and metabolic acidosis, not bradycardia. Bradycardia would be an unexpected and unusual finding in DKA. The other options are classic features: tachypnea (Kussmaul respirations to compensate for acidosis), abdominal pain (common symptom), and dehydration (due to osmotic diuresis).

Multiple choice

Reye's syndrome is ultrastructurally characterized by

  1. mitochondrial blebs and enlarged mitochondria

  2. depletion of glycogen

  3. dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum

  4. perinuclear staining
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Reye's syndrome is characterized ultrastructurally by mitochondrial injury manifesting as mitochondrial blebs and enlarged mitochondria with disrupted cristae. This reflects the mitochondrial dysfunction central to the pathophysiology. Glycogen depletion (option B) is a nonspecific finding seen in many metabolic conditions. ER dilation and perinuclear staining are not characteristic ultrastructural features of Reye's syndrome.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is the best investigation in thromboembolism?

  1. D-dimer levels

  2. Multidetector CT angiography

  3. Colour Doppler USG

  4. Catheter angiography

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Multidetector CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the gold standard and best initial investigation for pulmonary thromboembolism. It provides direct visualization of thrombi within the pulmonary arteries with high sensitivity and specificity. D-dimer is sensitive but non-specific - useful for ruling out PE when negative but not diagnostic when positive. Colour Doppler ultrasound is used for detecting deep vein thrombosis in the legs (source of emboli), not the pulmonary embolism itself. Catheter pulmonary angiography is invasive and reserved for cases where CT is contraindicated or inconclusive.

Multiple choice

By which one of the following, staging of bone tumours is done?

  1. Enneking

  2. Manchester

  3. Edmonton

  4. TNM
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Enneking staging system is the standard classification for benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumours. It considers grade (G), site (T), and metastasis (M) - crucial for surgical planning. TNM staging is used for carcinomas and other systemic cancers, not primary bone tumours. Manchester and Edmonton are not recognised tumour staging systems.

Multiple choice

Which one of the following is a pandemic disease?

  1. Amoebic dysentery

  2. Hepatitis

  3. Filariasis

  4. Influenza
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Influenza has caused several pandemics throughout history, including the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, 1957 Asian flu, 1968 Hong Kong flu, and 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Amoebic dysentery, Hepatitis, and Filariasis are important diseases but are classified as endemic or epidemic, not pandemic.

Multiple choice

Which of the following symptoms does not necessarily result from common cold?

Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

THE COMMON COLD

Sneezes, and coughs, watery eyes, running noses and sore throats, are common sights that mark a person infected with the common cold. The common cold is a viral infection that seems incurable. The reason is that antibiotics and ordinary medicine cannot treat a viral infection. The additional reason is that the conditions, under which we say that somebody has caught a cold, can be brought about by a range of viruses that list more than a hundred. So, catching a cold, getting cured and developing immunity towards the virus that caused it doesn’t protect you from catching a cold again on the very next day. The next common cold virus in the line may be knocking on your door. Thoroughly washing your hands and not touching your face, remaining clean, and trying to avoid infected patients may help to prevent a common cold. You can avoid a common cold by good habits, but can’t cure it yet by medicines..

 

  1. Watery eyes

  2. Running nose

  3. High temperature

  4. Sore throat
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The passage lists: 'Sneezes, and coughs, watery eyes, running noses and sore throats' as common sights marking a person with common cold. High temperature/fever is not listed among these explicit symptoms in the passage.

Multiple choice

RF factor is used to diagnose which type of disease?

  1. Myeloma

  2. Rheumatic arthritis

  3. Myalgia

  4. Multiple sclerosis

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

RF (Rheumatoid Factor) is primarily used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune joint disease. Myeloma is diagnosed through different tests like electrophoresis. Myalgia refers to muscle pain and multiple sclerosis uses different diagnostic markers.

Multiple choice

If you are suffering from pneumonia, then which part of your body is affected?

  1. Liver

  2. Heart

  3. Lungs

  4. Eyes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the alveoli (air sacs). It can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. The liver filters blood, the heart pumps blood, and the eyes are for vision - none of these are directly affected by pneumonia.

Multiple choice

Some of the symptoms of fat deficiency include flaking of skin and emaciation and reduced functioning of the immune system and fertility problems.

  1. Some of the symptoms of fat deficiency include flaking of skin and emaciation and reduced functioning of the immune system and fertility problems.

  2. Some symptoms of fat deficiency include flaking of skin, emaciation and reduced functioning of the immune system and fertility problems.

  3. Some of the symptoms of fat deficiency include flaking skin, emaciation, reduced functioning of the immune system and fertility problems.

  4. Some symptoms of fat deficiency include flaking skin, emaciation, reduced functioning of the immune system and fertility problems.

  5. Some symptoms of fat deficiency are flaking skin, emaciation and reduced functioning of the immune system and fertility problems.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The question has many excessive words which can be eliminated without changing the meaning of the sentence. This is best portrayed in option (D), hence it’s the answer.

Multiple choice

Which part of the human body is affected by typhoid?

  1. Intestines

  2. Liver

  3. Spinal cord and brain

  4. Pancreas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria and primarily affects the intestines and digestive system. The bacteria enter through contaminated food or water and multiply in the intestinal tract, causing fever, abdominal pain, and digestive issues.

Multiple choice

What is the accumulation of bilirubin due to water-borne infection called?

  1. Liver cirrhosis

  2. Hepatitis B

  3. Jaundice

  4. Hepatitis C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Jaundice, caused by Hepatitis A virus, is a water-borne disease and spreads mainly via sewage and contaminated food and water. Accumulation of bilirubin or its conjugates in body tissues causes jaundice. Hence, it is correct.

Multiple choice

Full form of the infectious disease SARS is

  1. Syndrome Associated with Respiratory Symptoms

  2. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

  3. Severe Asthmatic Respiratory Syndrome

  4. Syndrome Alarm on Respirtory Syndrome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

SARS stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, a viral respiratory illness caused by the SARS-associated coronavirus. The term accurately describes the condition - it's severe (serious), acute (sudden onset), affects the respiratory system, and is a syndrome (collection of symptoms).