Disease Symptoms and Effects

Heart attack symptoms include chest pressure/discomfort, pain spreading to arms (especially left arm), nausea, sweating, and shortness of breath. Pain in the legs is NOT a typical heart attack symptom - it's more associated with peripheral vascular issues, deep vein thrombosis, or circulation problems. The other three options are well-documented heart attack warning signs.

Jaundice is caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood, leading to yellowing of the skin, eyes, and urine. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells, normally processed by the liver. Hernia, typhoid, and mumps are unrelated conditions.

Ringworm is a fungal skin infection that causes characteristic circular, red, itchy rashes with raised edges. Goitre affects the thyroid, migraine involves headaches, and epilepsy is a neurological disorder - none cause circular skin swellings.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral illness that has caused multiple outbreaks in China, particularly affecting young children. It spreads easily in childcare settings and can be fatal in severe cases.

Smallpox is the only human disease successfully eradicated globally through vaccination. The World Health Organization declared it eradicated in 1980 after an intensive worldwide immunization campaign. Polio is nearly eradicated but still exists in a few countries, while plague is an endemic bacterial disease and goitre results from iodine deficiency rather than infection.

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Blocked blood circulation deprives tissues of oxygen and nutrients. When coronary arteries are blocked, heart muscle cells die from oxygen deprivation, causing a myocardial infarction (heart attack). Fever and headache have different causes; fractures are bone injuries, not circulation problems. This is why timely restoration of blood flow (e.g., angioplasty) is critical.

Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is an allergic reaction to airborne allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. It causes symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes. The other options are not primarily caused by allergic reactions.

Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria that typically enter through wounds or cuts. Tuberculosis spreads through air, Malaria through mosquitoes, and Jaundice is a symptom of liver issues not caused by wound entry.

This option is correct. Carcinoid is a neuroendocrine tumor that originates in the cells of the neuroendocrine system.

This option is correct. Rhabdomyosarcoma is a cancer that arises from striated muscle tissues.

Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi that primarily targets the digestive system. It causes inflammation and potential ulceration in the small intestine, which is the primary site of infection and damage.

Pneumonia, tuberculosis, and pleurisy are all conditions that directly affect the lungs or the pleural cavity. Anemia is a blood condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, affecting oxygen transport but not lung function itself.

Boa's point refers to a localized area of tenderness or hyperesthesia to the left of the 12th thoracic vertebra. It is a clinical sign traditionally associated with the presence of a gastric ulcer.