Biology

Deficiency Diseases and Disorders

722 Questions

Deficiency diseases and disorders are caused by a lack of essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals in the diet or environment. This includes conditions like anemia, goitre, and night blindness. Practice these questions to prepare for general science exams.

Vitamin deficiency symptomsMineral deficiency disordersMalnutrition conceptsHormonal and specific diseases

Deficiency Diseases and Disorders Questions

Multiple choice biology plants and animal hormones parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

The blood calcium level is lowered by the deficiency of.

  1. Thyroxine

  2. Calcitonin

  3. Parathormone

  4. Both (a) and (b)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Parathormone secreted by parathyroid gland regulates the level of calcium in the blood. It stimulates the release of calcium from the bones into the blood, increases calcium absorption from the intestine into the blood and it also increases calcium reabsorption from the nephrons into the blood. Therefore, its deficiency leads to low blood calcium level.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Osteoporosis is caused by

  1. Fe$^{2+}$ defeciency
  2. Na$^+$ deficiency

  3. Parathormone hyposecretion

  4. Parathormone hypersecretion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Osteoporosis is a condition in which bone density decreases and bones become weak and brittle. It occurs due to hypersecretion of parathormone. Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid hormone and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones. Over secretion of parathormone causes more calcium dissolution from the bones leading to decreased bone density.
So, the correct answer is 'Parathormone hypersecretion'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Low Ca$^{2+}$ in body fluid may be the reason for 

  1. Anaemia

  2. Angina pectoris

  3. Gout

  4. Tetany
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Low calcium levels in body cause hypocalcaemia. This may cause tetany, a disorder that occurs due to deficiency of parathormone. Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid gland and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones. When parathormone levels are low, calcium level also gets decreased and this cause muscular spasms, a symptom of tetany. The muscles contract involuntarily and this causes painful cramps.
So, the correct answer is 'Tetany'.
Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human blood clotting platelets and their function defence against infectious disease

What will happen if platelets were absent in the blood?

  1. The process of clotting will be affected.

  2. Kwashiorkor will be the result.

  3. RBC will be ruptured.

  4. The blood will become more liquid.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Platelets are the colourless cell fragments present in the blood. They are involved in the clotting. In the absence of platelets, the process of clotting will be affected. If there will be any wound when platelets are absent, the animal will die by shredding of all the blood.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology blood circulatory system of human cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

Sickle cell anaemia is due to

  1. Deficiency of vitamin B.

  2. Deficiency of iron in the blood.

  3. A genetically determined defect of haemoglobin synthesis.

  4. Increase in the number of leucocytes in the blood.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sickle cell anemia is the serious disorder in which the body makes sickle-shaped red blood cells. RBCs contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen from lungs to rest of the body. Sickle cells contain abnormal hemoglobin called sickle hemoglobin.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'A genetically determined defect of haemoglobin synthesis'.

Multiple choice evs - i constituents of food minerals in our diets types of nutrients nutrients and deficiency

Compare vitamin (Part I) with its deficiency disease (Part II)

Part I Part II
A. Vitamin - ${B} _{12}$ 1.Sterility
B. Vitamin - ${B} _{6}$ 2. Haemorrhagic condition
C. Vitamin - $E$ 3. Pernicious anaemia
D. Vitamin - $K$ 4. Skin disease

  1. A-1; B-2; C-3; D-4

  2. A-2; B-3; C-4; D-1

  3. A-3; B-4; C-1; D-2

  4. A-3; B-4; C-2; D-1
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Vitamin                                             Deficiency disease
1. Vitamin - ${B} _{12}$       $\to$  Pernicious anaemia
2. Vitamin - ${B} _{6}$       $\to$   Skin disease
3. Vitamin - $E$          $\to$  3. Sterility
4. Vitamin - $K$         $\to$  4. Haemorrhagic condition
Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

A factor responsible for cirrhosis of liver is

  1. Vitamins

  2. Fats and oils

  3. Alcoholism

  4. Sugar
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Alcohol can cause inflammation in the liver. Over time, scarring and cirrhosis can occur. Alcoholic liver disease occurs after years of heavy drinking. Cirrhosis is the last step of liver damage
So, the correct answer is 'Alcoholism'

Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

Anaemia in alcoholics may be due to deficiency of

  1. Vitamin A

  2. Vitamin D
  3. Folic acid and vitamin B$ _{12}$

  4. Vitamin C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Chronic alcohol consumption interferes with the absorption and metabolism of essential nutrients, particularly B vitamins. Folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency are common causes of megaloblastic anaemia in individuals with alcohol use disorder.

Multiple choice evs - i community health and hygiene disorders of nervous system drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence

An undernourished alcoholic should receive large doses of ............. to prevent Wernicke's syndrome.

  1. Mg, K ions

  2. Saline and glucose

  3. Thiamine and other types of vitamin B

  4. Caffeine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Wernicke's syndrome is caused by the lack of vitamin B$ _{1}$ and is common in people with alcoholism. It causes brain damage in the lower parts of the brain. So, vitamin B$ _{1}$ or thiamine and other vitamins must be taken to treat Wernicke's syndrome.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Thiamine and other types of vitamin B'.

Multiple choice evs production of food from animals dairy farm management cattle farming uses of animals contribution of louis pasteur discoveries by louis pasteur discovery of microorganisms

Cattle fed with spoilt hay of sweet clover which contains dicoumarol.

  1. Are healthier due to a good diet

  2. Catch infections easily

  3. May suffer vitamin K deficiency and prolonged bleeding

  4. May suffer from beri-beri due to deficiency of B vitamins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

When sweet clover becomes spoiled or is improperly cured the coumarol is converted to the toxic substance dicoumarol. This toxin interferes with the metabolism and synthesis of vitamin K. Vitamin K is essential for liver function, necessary to prevent the seepage of blood from the circulatory system and to establish blood clotting. Without vitamin K, the blood will not clot properly after an injury, and this is why sweet clover poisoning is also called sweet clover bleeding disease.

So, the correct option is 'May suffer vitamin K deficiency and prolonged bleeding'.

Multiple choice evs science of kitchen balanced diet and malnutrition assimilation of food components and importance of food skeletal system and muscles assimilation of food and egestion busy at work - our internal organs

Which of the following in the blood stream is reduced most by excessive vomiting and diarrhoea?

  1. Calcium

  2. Sodium

  3. Potassium

  4. Iron
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Low blood sodium is also known as hyponatremia. Sodium is an electrolyte. It helps maintain the balance of water in and around your cells. Sodium is important for proper muscle and nerve function. It also keeps your blood pressure stable. Low blood sodium occurs when water and sodium are out of balance. Either there is too much water or too little sodium. Many factors can cause low blood sodium. Sodium levels may get too low if your body is losing too much water and electrolytes. It may also be a symptom of certain medical conditions. Causes of low sodium include: severe vomiting or diarrhea, taking certain medications, including antidepressants and pain medications, use of diuretics (water pills), drinking too much water during exercise (although this is very rare) etc. Calcium, potassium and iron are not reduced in blood stream by excessive vomiting and diarrhoea. Thus, option B is correct.

Multiple choice evs science of kitchen balanced diet and malnutrition assimilation of food components and importance of food skeletal system and muscles assimilation of food and egestion busy at work - our internal organs

Excretion of bile pigments in the urine indicates

  1. Anaemia

  2. Diabetes

  3. Rickets

  4. Jaundice
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bilirubin is excreted in bile and urine, and elevated levels may indicate certain diseases. It is responsible for the yellow colour of bruises and the yellow discolouration in jaundice. Its subsequent breakdown products, such as stercobilin, cause the brown colour of faeces.


So, the correct option is 'Jaundice'.

Multiple choice evs we are special defects of eye disorders of nervous system braille script

Deficiency of vitamin A in the body results in insufficient rhodopsin in the rods which leads to

  1. Colour blindness

  2. Total blindness

  3. Night blindness

  4. Myopia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Nyctalopia also called night blindness, is a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light. It is a symptom of several eye diseases. Night blindness may exist from birth, or be caused by injury or malnutrition (for example, a lack of vitamin A). It can be described as insufficient adaptation to darkness.
Rhodopsin helps seeing lighted things and is synthesized in the presence of vitamin A (retinol). Its deficiency leads to lack of clear vision during night.