Biology

Deficiency Diseases and Disorders

722 Questions

Deficiency diseases and disorders are caused by a lack of essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals in the diet or environment. This includes conditions like anemia, goitre, and night blindness. Practice these questions to prepare for general science exams.

Vitamin deficiency symptomsMineral deficiency disordersMalnutrition conceptsHormonal and specific diseases

Deficiency Diseases and Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

What term means not having enough food or meeting daily caloric needs?

  1. Undernutrition

  2. Overnutrition

  3. Malnutrition

  4. Pseudonutrition
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Undernutrition is the specific term for not consuming enough calories to meet the body's basic energy needs. Malnutrition is a broader term that can include deficiencies in specific nutrients even if caloric intake is sufficient.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination classification of hormones endocrine system and hormone hormones and metabolism

Name the chemical, deficiency of which causes Parkinson's disease while excess production may lead to schizophrenia.

  1. Dopamine

  2. Acetylcholine

  3. Endorphins

  4. Glycine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Dopamine is a catecholamine secreted from adrenal gland. It acts as a neurotransmitter and precursor for norepinephrine. Deficiency of dopamine causes Parkinson's disease in which muscles become rigid. The neurons that secrete dopamine degenerate in this disease. Excess amounts of dopamine cause schizophrenia in which a person's ability to think and feel is affected. The patient loses his ability to concentrate and the memory is also affected.
So, the correct answer is 'Dopamine'.
Multiple choice social inequality labour and its division social stratification labour sociology

According to National Family Health Survey-4 2015-16 (NFHS-4), 60.9% of the children between 06 and 56 months have severe ________.

  1. Iodine deficiency

  2. Anemia

  3. Malnutrition

  4. None
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Globally, Iron deficiency is the most widely prevalent micronutrient deficiency affecting children. In India, there is a widespread occurrence of iron deficiency in rural areas as compared to urban areas. According to NFHS-4 2015-2016, 60.9% of the children between 06-56 months have severe anemia. Consequences of anemia include an increased risk of cognitive development in children, increased numbers of premature and low birth weight babies.

Multiple choice innate and learned behaviour option a: neurobiology and behaviour biology

Alcoholics suffer from the deficiency of vitamin

  1. Thiamine

  2. Riboflavin

  3. Niacin

  4. Pantothenic acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Alcoholic persons have deficiency of vitamin thiamine. Alcohol affects the absorption of thiamine from intestine and stomach because it causes inflammation of the lining and also impairs the transport of thiamine in enterocytes. Deficiency of thiamine can lead to serious disorders of brain like Wernicke's syndrome and Korsakoff's syndrome. Other vitamins also get depleted due to alcohol consumption.
So, the correct answer is 'Thiamine'.
Multiple choice

Grass Tetany is caused by a ________ deficiency.

  1. Thiamine

  2. Magnesium

  3. Vitamin E

  4. Calcium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Grass Tetany, also known as hypomagnesemia, is a metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, often occurring when cattle graze on lush, rapidly growing spring grass.

Multiple choice

If a plant is small and looks yellowish, it probably has a:

  1. Carbon Deficiency

  2. Iron Deficiency

  3. Phosphorus Deficiency

  4. Nitrogen Deficiency
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Nitrogen is a key component of chlorophyll, which gives plants their green color. A deficiency in nitrogen typically manifests as chlorosis, or yellowing, of the older leaves and stunted growth.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

Deficiency of folic acid the leads to a reduction in the number of leucocytes. This condition is called

  1. Leukaemia

  2. Leucopenia

  3. Polycythemia

  4. Tay-sac disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Leukaemia is blood cancer.
Polycythemia is an abnormally increased concentration of hemoglobin in the blood.
Tay-sachs disease is hexosaminidase A deficiency.
Leucopenia is a reduction in the number of white blood cells (leucocytes) caused by the deficiency of folic acid.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

Thiamine deficiency produces

  1. Pellagra

  2. Osteomalacia

  3. Scurvy

  4. Beriberi
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Vitamin B-1 (thiamine) deficiency causes Beriberi. There are two types of the disease, wet beriberi and dry beriberi. Wet beriberi can affect heart function and, in the most extreme cases, heart failure. Dry beriberi damages the nerves and can lead to a loss of muscle strength and, eventually, muscle paralysis. If left unchecked and untreated, beriberi can cause death.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

A person will suffer from beriberi, rickets and scurvy if he is not consuming adequate amounts of

  1. Vitamin B$ _6$, A and C
  2. Vitamin B$ _1$, D and C
  3. Vitamin A, B$ _1$ and E
  4. Vitamin B$ _6$, A and K
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Beriberi is a deficiency disorder of thiamine (vitamin B$ _{1}$) that affects many systems of the body, including the muscles, heart, nerves, and digestive system. Rickets is defective mineralization or calcification of bones due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D. Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C. Scurvy presents initially with fatigue, followed by formation of spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from the mucous membranes. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

A deficiency disease which causes drying up of skin and hair is

  1. Pellagra

  2. Beri-beri

  3. Scurvy

  4. Anorexia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A. Pellagra is caused by the deficiency of vitamin B-3 and it causes dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis (three Ds).

B. Beriberi is caused by the deficiency of vitamin B-1 deficiency (thiamine deficiency) and causes increased heart rate, short breath and swollen leg.
C. Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of vitamin C and causes anemia, spontaneous bleeding, drying of skin or hair and ulceration of the gums and loss of teeth etc.
D. Anorexia is a eating disorder characterised by an unwarranted fear of being overweight.
So, the correct answer is 'Scurvy'.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

An endogenous chemical agent of disease is 

  1. Uric acid

  2. Protein deficiency

  3. Vitamin deficiency

  4. Pollutants
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Endogenous chemical agents are those that originate from within the organism, tissue or cell. Endogenous chemical agents and genetic mutations are collectively called intrinsic or internal factors affecting human health. The diseases caused by intrinsic factors are called organic or metabolic diseases. Chemicals which may be endogenous are urea, uric acid, hormones and enzymes. Uric acid is produced within the body of human beings and if it does not get eliminated by kidneys, then it may result in a serious disease known as gout which is due to the accumulation of uric acid in joints.

So, the correct answer is 'Uric acid'.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

Prolonged thiamine deficiency in diet leads to

  1. Anaemia

  2. Beriberi

  3. Haemorrhage

  4. Pellagra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Beriberi is a deficiency disorder of thiamine (vitamin B$ _{1}$) that affects many systems of the body, including the muscles, heart, nerves, and digestive system. B$ _{1}$ vitamin benefits include prevention of abnormal development of muscles and nerves, pricking and burning sensation in the toes and feet, leg cramps and atrophy or wasting of the muscles.

Multiple choice

What is the most common cause of iron deficiency in lactating women?

  1. Inadequate intake of iron-rich foods

  2. Poor absorption of iron

  3. Increased blood loss

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Iron deficiency in lactating women can be caused by inadequate intake of iron-rich foods, poor absorption of iron, and increased blood loss.