Constitutions and Law

Articles 36 to 51 of the Indian Constitution contain the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP). These are guidelines for the government to establish a just society. They are non-justiciable but fundamental in governance. Articles 26-30 deal with religious freedom, not DPSP.

Right- It is not essential of a federal constitution. It is essential of a unitary constitution.

Right- It is incorrect statement because Indian constitution establish a parliamentary form of government in which president is the constitutional head of the state and the real executive power is vested in the hands of council of ministers.

Right- The main objective of the federal constitution is distribution of powers between the states and the centre. Both are independent in its spheres.

Right- Preamble does not provide the presidential form of government in which all powers are vested to the President. The Indian constitution provides the parliamentary form of government.

Right- Part three of the constitution contains a long list of fundamental rights.

Right- Article 368 of the constitution says about amendment of the constitution.

Right- Aricle - 1'of the constitution declares that the sovereign democratic Republic of India shall be the Union of states.

Right- It abolishes untouchability. It means caste system.

The Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV of the Constitution) contain the concept of state welfare. These principles guide the state in establishing a just society. The Preamble states ideals, Fundamental Rights are justiciable rights, and the Fourth Schedule deals with allocation of seats in Rajya Sabha.

Article 32 of the Constitution confers the right to constitutional remedies, and the Supreme Court is specifically empowered for enforcement of Fundamental Rights through writ jurisdiction. Parliament and State Legislatures make laws, and the President acts on advice.

Article 19 guarantees six specific freedoms, but 'Freedom of the Press' is not explicitly mentioned. Though freedom of speech and expression (Article 19(1)(a)) includes press freedom, the term itself is not specifically stated in Article 19.

Article 41 of the Constitution explicitly mentions the State's duty to provide assistance to aged people along with other vulnerable categories like sick and disabled. Articles 43, 46, and 47 deal with different socio-economic objectives but don't specifically mention aged population.

Article 16(4) of the Constitution empowers the state to make reservations in appointments or posts for backward classes of citizens which are not adequately represented in government services. This is distinct from Article 16(1) which guarantees equality of opportunity, and different from educational reservation or special protections for specific communities.

Article 335 explicitly states that SC/ST claims shall be taken into consideration consistently with the maintenance of efficiency of administration. Article 333 deals with Anglos-Indian members in legislatures. Article 334 deals with reservation time limits. Article 337 deals with instruction in mother tongue.