Constitutions and Law

Provisions as to the administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes are in fifth schedule of the Indian Constitution.

Section 35 of the transfer of property act deals with doctrine of election.

Article 24 of the Indian Constitution provides that no child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment.

Article 227 of the Indian Constitution provides that every High court shall have superintendence over all courts and tribunals throughout the territories in relation to which it exercises jurisdiction.

The Preamble to the Indian Constitution encapsulates the ideals, philosophy, and objectives of the Constitution. It reflects the dreams and aspirations of the founding fathers, declaring India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic.

Through Article 32, the Supreme Court acts as the guardian of Fundamental Rights. Citizens can directly approach the SC for enforcement of FRs. Dr. Ambedkar considered this right as the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution, making it the SC's most crucial function.

The correct answer is option (4).

Article 40 of the Directive Principles of State Policy explicitly directs the state to organize village panchayats and promote self-government. Articles 20 and 30 deal with other fundamental rights and protections, while Article 50 concerns the separation of judiciary from executive.

The 8th Schedule lists the 22 officially recognized languages of India (including Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, etc.). The 5th Schedule deals with scheduled areas and tribes, the 1st Schedule lists states and UTs, and the 10th Schedule covers anti-defection laws.

According to the Indian Constitution, residuary powers (matters not mentioned in any list) are vested in the Union Parliament under Article 248. This centralized approach differs from some federations where states have residuary powers.

The Anti-Defection Law is contained in the Tenth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, added by the 52nd Amendment in 1985. It disqualifies legislators who defect from their party. The Fourth Schedule deals with allocation of Rajya Sabha seats, Eighth with recognized languages.

Article 19 is often called the 'heart and soul' of Fundamental Rights, guaranteeing the six essential freedoms. While the entire chapter (Articles 12-35) covers Fundamental Rights, Article 19 specifically protects core liberties that define a free society. Articles 20-21 protect other vital rights but are not the central framework.

The Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution lists the 22 languages officially recognized by the Constitution (originally 14, expanded through amendments). The Fourth Schedule allocates Rajya Sabha seats among states, and the Tenth Schedule contains the Anti-Defection Law.

Fundamental Duties were indeed incorporated into the Indian Constitution through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment in 1976. They were added based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. Originally there were 10 duties, and an 11th was added later through the 86th Amendment.