Constitutions and Law

Option (3) is correct: Article 130 permits the Supreme Court to have a seat outside Delhi. 

King John of England was forced by rebellious barons to sign Magna Carta (Great Charter) in 1215, establishing that the monarch was subject to law and guaranteeing feudal rights. This foundational document limited royal power and became a cornerstone of constitutional governance.

The provision for suspending fundamental rights during national emergency has been borrowed from the German Constitution (Weimar Constitution). Other options: the idea of a strong center comes from Canada, presidential election method from Ireland, and emergency powers framework from multiple sources including Government of India Act 1935. The German influence is specifically seen in Articles 358 and 359.

A secular state means equal treatment of all religions, freedom of worship for all, and no discrimination in employment. Statement III is incorrect because educational institutions CAN receive government aid while imparting religious instruction - they are not 'without exception' free. The correct answer is I, II, and IV only.

Article 22 allows preventive detention but requires that a person detained beyond 3 months must be reviewed by an Advisory Board. The grounds need NOT be conveyed before arrest (they must be communicated within 5-15 days after). Only statement A matches the constitutional provision.

The Constitution allows a person to be elected President any number of times - there is no two-term limit. Article 57 states 'A person is eligible for election as President if he is qualified for election...'. There is no restriction on re-election or number of terms.

Article 370 of the Indian Constitution granted special autonomous status to Jammu and Kashmir. It allowed J&K to have its own constitution and flag, and restricted Parliament's legislative power over the state. It was abrogated in August 2019. Nagaland, Bihar, and Orissa have/had different special provisions.

The ninety-second amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Ninety-second Amendment) Act, 2003, amended the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution so as to include Bodo, Dogri, Santhali and Maithali languages, thereby raising the total number of languages listed in the schedule to 22.

The Planning Commission was established by a government resolution in 1950, not by the Constitution. It was an extra-constitutional body and has been replaced by NITI Aayog. The other three (Election Commission, Finance Commission, UPSC) are explicitly established by the Constitution.

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

Correct Answer: Planning Commission Authority for creation of the Planning Commission was not derived from the Constitution of India or statute; it is an arm of the Central Government of India.

'Abide by' means 'to live up to' something.  

The Basic Structure doctrine was established by the Supreme Court in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973). This landmark judgment held that while Parliament has wide powers to amend the Constitution, it cannot alter its basic features. Golak Nath (1967) earlier held that fundamental rights cannot be amended, but this was overruled by Kesavananda Bharati.

The Indian Constitution is republican because it provides for an elected President. Also it is a parliamentary form of government.

The preamble to India's Constitution declares that 'We the People of India' give unto themselves this Constitution, establishing the people as the chief source of political power.