Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,221 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice botany mineral nutrition in plants mechanism of absorption mineral absorption significance of transpiration

The main constituents of cytoplasm is C, N, O, H. These are derived from-

  1. Protein

  2. Carbohydrate

  3. Water

  4. None of these.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The cytoplasm is primarily composed of water (70-90 percent). The elements C, N, O, and H are fundamental components of water molecules and organic biomolecules dissolved within the aqueous cytoplasm.

Multiple choice zoology structural organization in living organisms specialized cells in animals tissues and types of tissues levels of organisation in animals

Which of the following levels of structure encompasses all the other?

  1. Tissue

  2. Cell

  3. Organism

  4. Organ or organ system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

An organism represents the complete living individual, which encompasses all lower levels of biological organization, including cells, tissues, and organ systems. Therefore, organism is the highest and most inclusive level among the choices.

Multiple choice botany photosynthesis electron transport system modern concept of photosynthesis photosynthesis in higher plants
Electron Transport System (ETS) is located in mitochondrial

  1. Outer membrane

  2. Inter membrane space

  3. Inner membrane

  4. Matrix
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

An electron transport system (ETS) or electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of coenzymes and cytochromes that take part in the passage of electrons from one carrier to another and to its ultimate acceptor. The various components of ETS are arranged in five kinds of complexes, arranged in a definite sequence in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

So the correct option is C.

Multiple choice botany root - external morphology zones of the root morphology of root root system in plants

Root hair is always.

  1. Very long

  2. Multi cellular

  3. Cuticularized

  4. Unicellular
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,D Correct answer
Explanation
Root is typically a non-green underground cylindrical structure forming the descending water absorbing axis of the plant which gives rise to endogenous branches and does not possess nodes, leaves and buds. Each functional root is covered at the tip by a root cap. Near their tip the finer roots bear unicellular tubular root hair.
So the correct answer is 'Unicellular'.
Multiple choice biology concept of life living organism living vs nonliving living vs non living

An irreversible or permanent increase in size, mass or volume of a cell, organ or organism is called as ________.

  1. growth

  2. differentiation

  3. dedifferentiation

  4. development
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Growth is defined as a permanent or irreversible increase in thy weight, size, mass or volume of a cell, organ or organism.

Multiple choice mitosis structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division cell division biology cell division in embryo development division for growth and reproduction

Cell which keeps changing it's shape is called

  1. Spirilla

  2. Pleomorphic

  3. Symbiont

  4. Gram negative
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pleomorphic organisms, such as certain bacteria like Mycoplasma, lack a rigid cell wall and can readily alter their size and shape in response to environmental conditions. Spirilla are rigid spiral-shaped bacteria, while symbionts and gram negative refer to ecological relationships or cell wall staining properties.

Multiple choice mitosis structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division cell division biology cell division in embryo development division for growth and reproduction

Power is regeneration is poor in.

  1. Brain cell

  2. Bone cell

  3. Chondroblasts

  4. Striated muscles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Brain cells (neurons) have very limited capacity for regeneration compared to other tissues like bone or muscle. This is why injuries to the central nervous system are often permanent.

Multiple choice mitosis structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division cell division biology cell division in embryo development division for growth and reproduction

Number of cells daily replaced in human body is

  1. $1 \times 10^9$
  2. $5 \times 10^9$
  3. $1 \times 10^{10}$
  4. $5 \times 10^{10}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The human body replaces approximately 1 billion (1 x 10^9) cells daily, primarily through processes like cell turnover in the skin and gut lining.

Multiple choice mitosis structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division cell division biology cell division in embryo development division for growth and reproduction

Epithelial cells serves the function of protection, secretion and absorption and is separated from the other tissues below by a _____.

  1. Basal lamina

  2. Lamina propria

  3. Connective tissue

  4. Stratum granulosum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Epithelial tissues rest on a specialized extracellular matrix called the basal lamina, which separates them from the underlying connective tissues. Other options like lamina propria are connective tissue layers rather than the immediate separating boundary.

Multiple choice biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

The hybridoma cells are 

  1. Cells of oncogenes and brain

  2. Hybrid activated B lymphocytes fused with myeloma cells

  3. Hybrid cells of oncogenes fused with myeloma cells

  4. Transformed cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A hybridoma cell is produced in the laboratory from the fusion of an antibody-producing lymphocyte and a nonantibody-producing cancer cell, usually a myeloma or lymphoma. It proliferates and produces a continuous supply of a specific monoclonal antibody.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system neural tissue structure of neuron nervous tissues
Which of the following cells do not form layer and remain structurally separate?

  1. Epithelial cells

  2. Muscle cells

  3. Nerve cells

  4. Gland cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Nerve cells or neurons are the cells specialised to conduct an electrochemical current. Nerve tissue is made up of these cells. Only nerve cells do not form layers and remain structurally separate.
So the correct option is, 'Nerve cells'.
Multiple choice zoology nervous system neural tissue structure of neuron nervous tissues

Which of the following conducts messages?

  1. Epithelial cells

  2. Cardiac cells

  3. Nerve cells

  4. Skeletal cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Human body contains millions of nerve cells that transmit such messages or impulses. Nerve cells are made up of dendrites, cell body and axon. The dendrites are branching fibres that receive the signals from the axon terminal of the other neuron and pass is to cell body. Cell body then pass the message further to axon.
So, the correct answer is 'Nerve cells'.
Multiple choice zoology nervous system neural tissue structure of neuron nervous tissues

Centrosomes are absent in ______________.

  1. Nerve cells

  2. Epithelial cells

  3. Germinal cells

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Mature nerve cells (neurons) are specialized cells that have lost the ability to divide, and they lack centrosomes, which are required for cell division.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system neural tissue structure of neuron nervous tissues

Which of the following is not considered to be a tissue?

  1. cartilage

  2. Blood

  3. Lung

  4. Cardiac muscle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cartilage is supportive non-living soft connective tissue

Blood is fluid connective tissue
Cardiac muscle is a tissue made of cardiac cells
So, the correct option is 'Lung', which is an organ made of multiple tissue