Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

Complex/special tissue is

  1. Sclereid

  2. Sclerenchyma

  3. Collenchyma

  4. Secretory tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The tissues that are concerned with the secretion of gums, resins, volatile oils, nectar latex, and other substances in plants are called secretory tissues. The secreted substance may remain deposited within the secretory cell itself or may be excreted, that is, released from the cell.  Secretory structures range from single cells scattered among other kinds of cells to complex structures involving many cells; the latter are often called glands. 
So, the correct answer is 'Secretory tissue.'
Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

Which of the following tissues is made up of more than one type of cell?

  1. Parenchyma

  2. Sclerenchyma

  3. Complex tissue

  4. Collenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Complex tissues are those that are formed of more than one type of cells. Xylem is made up of tracheids, tracheae, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibers. Phloem is composed of sieve elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibers. Hence xylem and phloem are called complex tissues. Thus the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

The continuity of protoplasm from cell to cell is maintained through

  1. Stomata

  2. Tracheids

  3. Vessels

  4. Plasmodesmata
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Plasmodesmata are the cytoplasmic thread that connects the cell wall of the two neighbouring cells which helps in intercellular transport or exchange of materials.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

Specialized parenchyma cells which store tannins, oils and crystals of calcium oxalate are called

  1. Sclereids

  2. Idioblasts

  3. Stone cells

  4. Conjunctive tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Parenchymatous tissues are readily used for storage of various cells like food, air and chlorophyll. An idioblast is atype of parenchyma tissue which mainly  performs various functions such as storage of reserves, excretory materials, pigments, and minerals. They contain oil, latex, gum, resin, tannin or pigments, poisonous calcium oxalate or carbonate or silica. Idioblasts are divided into three main categories: excretory, tracheoid, and sclerenchymatous.

Multiple choice biology caskets of life observation of cells observing cells cell as structural and functional unit

Which of the following is the main difference between onion peel cells and human cheek cells?

  1. Presence of mitochondria in onion peel cells only

  2. Presence of cell wall in onion peel cells only

  3. Absence of plasma membrane in cheek cells

  4. Absence of endoplasmic reticulum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

All living things are composed of cells. They are the building blocks of all life. Cells come in many different shapes and have different functions. Plant and animal cells are different, too. The main difference between plant and animal cells is that plant cells have a cell wall on the outer layer, whereas animal cells only have a cell membrane. The cell wall is a protective layer outside the cell membrane that also provides support for the cell's structure.

Multiple choice biology caskets of life observation of cells observing cells cell as structural and functional unit

Which of the following is not present in onion cell?

  1. Nucleus

  2. Chloroplast

  3. Cytoplasm

  4. Cell wall
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The clear epidermal cells exist in a single layer and do not contain chloroplasts, because the onion fruiting body (bulb) is used for storing energy, not photosynthesis. Each cell has a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus and a large vacuole. The nucleus is present at the periphery of the cytoplasm. The vacuole is prominent and present at the centre of the cell, surrounded by cytoplasm. 

Multiple choice biology caskets of life observation of cells observing cells cell as structural and functional unit

A well stained leaf peel preparation when focussed under high power of the microscope would
show :

  1. epidermal cells, stomata and guard cells, each with one nucleus and many chloroplasts.

  2. epidermal cells, stomata and guard cells, each with many nuclei but one chloroplast.

  3. stomata and guard cells without nuclei or chloroplast.

  4. stomata but no guard cells or epidermal cells.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A well-stained leaf peel shows nuclei in a high power microscope. The leaf peel possesses stomata, guard cells and epidermal cells. The nuclei are present in both epidermal and guard cells, but stomata do not possess any nucleus.
So A is the correct option. 
Multiple choice biology caskets of life observation of cells observing cells cell as structural and functional unit

To distinguish microscopically between cheek cell and onion cell mount, one should look for the presence or absence of 

  1. Mitochondria

  2. Plastids

  3. Cell membrane

  4. Nucleus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Plastids are double membrane bound organelles found inside plants and some algae, which are primarily responsible for activities related to making and storing food. Many plastids are photosynthetic but some are not.

Therefore, to differentiate between a plant and an animal cell under a microscope, one must look for the presence of plastids.

Multiple choice botany mineral nutrition in plants deficiency diseases and symptoms deficiency symptoms macronutrients and micronutrients

Which combination of statement is correct?
i. Biosynthesis of nucleorides,proteins and fatty acids takes place in the cytoplasm.
II. Nucleolus is present in the cytoplasm.
iii. Golgi apparatus helps in the forrmation of lysosomes.
iv. Flattened sacs of golgi apparatus is known as cisternae.
v. Ribsomes are not found in prokaryotic cells.

  1. $i,iii \quad and \quad v$
  2. $ii,iii,iv \quad and \quad v$
  3. $i,iii \quad and \quad iv$
  4. $ii,iii \quad and \quad v$

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The biosynthesis of nucleotides, proteins and fatty acids occur in the cytosol of the cell. 

The nucleolus is a dense spheroidal body situated within the nucleus. 
Golgi apparatus stores lysosome enzyme produced by the endoplasmic reticulum and further buds off as small vesicles to develop lysosomes. 

Golgi complex is a membrane-bound organelle that is present in eukaryotic cells that are composed of stacks of flattened and membrane-bound bodies, called cisternae. 
Ribosomes are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 
So, the correct answer is option C. 


Multiple choice botany mineral nutrition in plants deficiency diseases and symptoms deficiency symptoms macronutrients and micronutrients

Apoptosis is programmed cell death characterised by the formation of apoptotic bodies whereas necrosis characterised by bursting of cells. Which of the following condition/s lead/s to necrosis ?
i) Gaps and nicks formed in DNA during replication cannot be repaired.
(ii) Developing neurons fail to make synapses with neighbouring cells.
(iii) Heart muscle cells damaged by oxygen depletion followed by cardiac infarction. 

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (ii) and (iii)

  3. (i) only

  4. (iii) only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action medicinal chemistry chemistry in everyday life chemistry body defense system

What is the source of receptor proteins?

  1. Interior of a cell

  2. Cell wall

  3. Out of cell wall

  4. Fixed in the cell membrane partially inside and partially projected outward
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The source of receptor proteins is fixed in the cell wall, partly inside and partly projected out of the cell wall.
This is so that chemical messengers can interact with the outside portion of receptor protein, which transfers the signal to interior of cell via the receptor protein.
Hence, signal is transferred from outside the cell to inside without the messenger having to cross the cell membrane.

Multiple choice biochemical polymers polymerisation chemistry

Maximum amount of RNA is found in:

  1. nucleolus.

  2. chloroplast.

  3. ribosomes.

  4. cytoplasm.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Maximum amount of RNA is present in Nucleolus.

Nucleolus is present in Nucleus.