Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,221 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice tissues of animals tissues: plant and animal tissues animal tissues structure of living organisms biology animal tissues and its type tissues: animal tissues fluid connective tissue cell division in embryo development division for growth and reproduction

Mast cells occur in ______________.

  1. Areolar tissue

  2. Adipose tissue

  3. White fibrous tissue

  4. Yellow fibrous tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Mast cells are immune cells that release histamine and heparin; they are commonly found in connective tissues, specifically areolar tissue.

Multiple choice tissues of animals tissues: plant and animal tissues animal tissues structure of living organisms biology animal tissues and its type tissues: animal tissues fluid connective tissue cell division in embryo development division for growth and reproduction

Different types of cells are given below.

[Hepatocytes, WBC's, Basophils, Fibroblasts, Plasma cells, Mast cells, Osteocytes, Chondrobiasts.]

Identify the cells that are found embedded in the matrix of areolar tissue and select the correct option.

  1. Fibrobiasts, Hepatocytes, Mast cells, Osteocytes

  2. WBC's, Basophils, fibrobiasts, Mast cells, Plasma cells

  3. Fibrobiasts, WBC's , Plasma cells, Mast cells

  4. Fibrobiasts, WBC's, Chondrobiasts, Mast cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Areolar tissues are widely distributed connective tissue in the animal body. It is named because so because it takes the form of fine threads crossing each other in every direction leaving small spaces called areolae. 
  • The areolar tissue consists of ground substance, the matrix, white yellow and reticular fibers and cells like fibroblasts, hepatocytes, mast cells and osteocytes.

So the correct answer is 'Fibroblasts, hepatocytes, mast cells, osteocytes'.
Multiple choice tissues of animals tissues: plant and animal tissues animal tissues structure of living organisms biology cell division in embryo development division for growth and reproduction

Our outer layer of skin is an example of which type of tissue?

  1. Muscular

  2. Epithelial

  3. Connective

  4. Nervous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Our outer layer of skin is made up of epithelial tissues. The epidermis is composed of the outermost layers of cells in the skin.

Multiple choice tissues of animals tissues: plant and animal tissues animal tissues structure of living organisms biology cell division in embryo development division for growth and reproduction
The cell junctions namely tight, adhering and gap junctions are found in ______________.

  1. connective tissues

  2. epithelial tissues

  3. neutral tissues

  4. muscular tissues
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cell junctions are proteins that connect the cytoplasmic content of adjacent cells, they form a barrier between two cells and also hold or adhere cell together or with the extracellular matrix. these are abundant in epithelial tissue.

So, the correct answer is 'epithelial tissues'

Multiple choice chemistry the s-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals) uses of alkali and alkaline earth metals uses of s block elements group 1 elements: alkali metals

Cancer is a disease where body cells grow unchecked. A protein found in the body interferes with the growth of cancer cells. It is used for the treatment of cancer. Identify it.

  1. Haemoglobin

  2. Casein

  3. Keratin

  4. Interferon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Casein is a slow-digesting dairy protein that people often take as a supplement. It releases amino acids slowly, so people often take it before bed to help with recovery and reduce muscle breakdown while they sleep. Several studies have shown it helps boost muscle growth, along with a ton of other benefits.

Also Casein interferes with the growth of cancer cells and hence is also used for the treatment of cancer.
Hence option B is correct answer.

Multiple choice spectrophotometer, colorimeter and biosensor biochemical techniques bio-chemistry

Cells obtained from an organism were homogenised and centrifuged. A test indicated that the cells contained glycogen. If you are asked to find out as quickly as possible whether the cells were from a plant or an animal, you would

  1. Examine the centrifuge for presence of extracts of centrioles

  2. Answer immediately that the cells were from an animal source

  3. Examine the centrifuge for the presence of extracts of chloroplasts

  4. Answer immediately that the cells were from a plant source.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Glycogen is the primary storage polysaccharide in animals, whereas plants store energy primarily as starch. Finding glycogen is a strong indicator of an animal cell source.

Multiple choice spectrophotometer, colorimeter and biosensor biochemical techniques bio-chemistry

Buoyant density centrifugation is carried out at

  1. 50,000g for 1-3 hours

  2. 50,000g for 20 hours

  3. 1,00,000g for 1-3 hours

  4. 1,00,000g for 20 hours
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Buoyant density centrifugation (equilibrium centrifugation) requires long run times, often 20 hours or more, at high speeds (like 100,000g) to allow the particles to reach their isopycnic position in the gradient.

Multiple choice spectrophotometer, colorimeter and biosensor biochemical techniques bio-chemistry

At what speed, the mitochondria can be separated out by differential centrifugation?

  1. $200\times $g
  2. $500\times $ g
  3. $800\times$g
  4. $8000\times$g
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Mitochondria are relatively large organelles that sediment at intermediate speeds, typically around 8,000g to 10,000g in a differential centrifugation protocol.

Multiple choice spectrophotometer, colorimeter and biosensor biochemical techniques bio-chemistry

Pure fractions of cellular components can be isolated by

  1. Chromatography

  2. Scanning electron microscopy

  3. X-ray diffraction

  4. Differential centrifugation

  5. Autoradiography
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Differential centrifugation is the primary laboratory technique used to isolate pure fractions of cellular components by exploiting differences in sedimentation rates.

Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

Complex/special tissue is

  1. Sclereid

  2. Sclerenchyma

  3. Collenchyma

  4. Secretory tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The tissues that are concerned with the secretion of gums, resins, volatile oils, nectar latex, and other substances in plants are called secretory tissues. The secreted substance may remain deposited within the secretory cell itself or may be excreted, that is, released from the cell.  Secretory structures range from single cells scattered among other kinds of cells to complex structures involving many cells; the latter are often called glands. 
So, the correct answer is 'Secretory tissue.'
Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

Which of the following tissues is made up of more than one type of cell?

  1. Parenchyma

  2. Sclerenchyma

  3. Complex tissue

  4. Collenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Complex tissues are those that are formed of more than one type of cells. Xylem is made up of tracheids, tracheae, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibers. Phloem is composed of sieve elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibers. Hence xylem and phloem are called complex tissues. Thus the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

The continuity of protoplasm from cell to cell is maintained through

  1. Stomata

  2. Tracheids

  3. Vessels

  4. Plasmodesmata
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Plasmodesmata are the cytoplasmic thread that connects the cell wall of the two neighbouring cells which helps in intercellular transport or exchange of materials.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice special tissues plant tissues plant tissues - internal morphology and anatomy anatomy of flowering plants biology

Specialized parenchyma cells which store tannins, oils and crystals of calcium oxalate are called

  1. Sclereids

  2. Idioblasts

  3. Stone cells

  4. Conjunctive tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Parenchymatous tissues are readily used for storage of various cells like food, air and chlorophyll. An idioblast is atype of parenchyma tissue which mainly  performs various functions such as storage of reserves, excretory materials, pigments, and minerals. They contain oil, latex, gum, resin, tannin or pigments, poisonous calcium oxalate or carbonate or silica. Idioblasts are divided into three main categories: excretory, tracheoid, and sclerenchymatous.

Multiple choice biology caskets of life observation of cells observing cells cell as structural and functional unit

Which of the following is the main difference between onion peel cells and human cheek cells?

  1. Presence of mitochondria in onion peel cells only

  2. Presence of cell wall in onion peel cells only

  3. Absence of plasma membrane in cheek cells

  4. Absence of endoplasmic reticulum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

All living things are composed of cells. They are the building blocks of all life. Cells come in many different shapes and have different functions. Plant and animal cells are different, too. The main difference between plant and animal cells is that plant cells have a cell wall on the outer layer, whereas animal cells only have a cell membrane. The cell wall is a protective layer outside the cell membrane that also provides support for the cell's structure.