Cell Biology and Structure

Prokaryotic plasma membrane contains phospholipids as the major component.

Lysosomes are the single membrane-bound organelles found only in animal cells. They have acidic pH and acid hydrolases enzymes that perform degradative function.

Chromatophores are absent in the plant cells as these are the specialised photosynthetic structures present in the cyanobacteria and photosynthetic bacteria only.

Peroxisomes are single membrane bound cell organelles that contain oxidases and catalases enzymes. The enzyme catalases protects other cell organelles from the toxic effects of H₂O₂ by converting it into water and oxygen.

Vacuoles are the important cell organelles present in the plant cells. They usually consume about 30 percent of the cell’s volume. Vacuoles are important as they help in adjusting size and turgor pressure of the plant cells. Vacuoles are the cell organelles that share similarity with the lysosomes of animal cells as both contain degradative enzymes for breaking down macromolecules. In plants, vacuoles also serve as storage compartments for metabolites and nutrients.

All lysosymal enzymes work best at acidic pH and therefore they are known as acid hydrolases. They do not work efficiently at basic pH. The inside of the lysosome is maintained at 4.8 pH with the help of special hydrogen ion pump.

Streptomycin and erythromycin are types of antibiotics that specifically act on the 70s ribosomes of prokaryotes and thus do not act on the 80S ribosomes of eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondrion contains 70 S ribosomes, it is most likely to get affected if it is treated with streptomycin or erythromycin antibiotic.

Muramic acid is present in the bacterial cell wall and therefore it is not the constituent of plasma membrane.

Membrane proteins are produced on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and are carried forward with the help of membrane-bounded transport vesicles. Subsequently, these proteins are carried to the luminal cavity of the golgi complex, where they are processed.

Blood cells, particularly red blood cells, lack mitochondria.

Golgi complex consists of a series of flattened membrane vesicles or sacs surrounded by spherical membrane vesicles. The three well-defined regions that are present in the stack of the flattened golgi sac include cis, medial and trans. Secretory proteins and membrane proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum first reach the cis region of the golgi complex, and then move to the medial region and ultimately to the trans region. While passing through all these regions, they undergo modifications by the specialised enzymes of the sacs.

Yes, it is correct. Carbohydrates are of three types, one of which is cellulose. It is present in the cell wall of plant cells.

This is the correct option. Golgi complex is not a layer of the cell envelope. 

This is the correct option. Centrioles are present in animal cells, but absent in almost all plant cells.

This is the correct option as this statement is false regarding rough endoplasmic reticulum. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the major site for synthesis of lipids.