Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

Main component of middle lamella is?

  1. Mg pectate

  2. Calcium pectate

  3. Calcium carbonate

  4. Calcium oxalate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The middle lamella is a pectin layer which cements the cell walls of two adjoining plant cells together. It is the first formed layer which is deposited at the time of cytokinesis. The cell plate that is formed during cell division itself develops into middle lamella or lamellum. In plants, the pectins form a unified and continuous layer between adjacent cells. Frequently, it is difficult to distinguish the middle lamella from the primary wall, especially in cells that develop thick secondary walls. The middle lamella is made up of calcium and magnesium pectates.

So the correct option is 'Mg pectate'.

Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

Consider the following statements.
(a) In a dicot root, the vascular bundles are collateral and endarch.
(b) The inner most layer of cortex in a dicot root is endodermis.
(c) In a dicot root, the phloem masses are separated from the xylem by conjunctive tissue. 
Of the above given statements

  1. (a) is true; but (b) and (c) are false

  2. (b) is true; but (a) and (c) are false

  3. (a) is false; but (b) and (c) are true

  4. (c) is false ; but (a) and (b) are true

  5. (c) is true; but (a) and (b) are false
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Dicot root shows radial vascular bundles, i.e., vascular bundles arranged in a ring. In this type of vascular bundle, the xylem and phloem are situated at different radii. Xylem is of exarch type, i.e., protoxylem is away from centre and metaxylem is towards centre. Hence, statement (a) is wrong.
The innermost layer of cortex in a dicot root is endodermis. It completely surrounds the stele. It consists of single layer of barrel shaped cells which lack intercellular spaces. Hence, statement (b) is correct. 
In a dicot root, the phloem masses are separated from the xylem by conjunctive tissues. Later, vascular cambium forms from this conjunctive tissue. Hence, statement (c) is correct. 
Thus, the correct answer is '(a) is false; but (b) and (c) are true'.

Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

Passage cells are thin walled cells found in ____________________.

  1. Phloem elements to serve as entry points

  2. Testa of seeds for emergence of embryonal axis

  3. Central area of style for passage of pollen tube

  4. Endodermis of roots to facilitate rapid transport of water from cortex to pericycle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Passage cells are thin walled cells present opposite to xylem patches in the endodermis of the root. They are endodermal cells.They are also called transfusion cells. They help in water transport from cortex to pericycle. 
So the correct answer is 'Endodermis of roots to facilitate rapid transport of water from cortex to pericycle'
Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Cortex is found in

  1. Stems only

  2. Roots only

  3. Roots and stems

  4. Roots, stems, and leaves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The cortex is the outermost layer of the stem or root of a plant, bounded on the outside by the epidermis and on the inside by the endodermis. In plants, it is composed mostly of differentiated cells, usually large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Roots and stems'.

Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

Meiosis occurs in

  1. Shoot apex

  2. Reproductive parts

  3. Root apex

  4. Leaf bud
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing eukaryotes including animals, plants and fungi. In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. Because the number of chromosomes is halved during meiosis, this allows gametes to fuse to form a zygote containing a mixture of paternal and maternal chromosomes.
Thus, meiosis and fertilization facilitate sexual reproduction with successive generations maintaining the same number of chromosomes. Meiosis occurs in reproductive parts. Mitosis occurs in vegetative parts like shoot apex, root apex and leaf bud. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

Meiosis occurs in

  1. Shoot apex

  2. Reproductive parts

  3. Root apex

  4. Leaf bud
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division, which reduces the chromosome number by half. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing eukaryotes including animals, plants and fungi.

In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. Because the number of chromosomes is halved during meiosis, this allows gametes to fuse to form a zygote containing a mixture of paternal and maternal chromosomes. Thus, meiosis and fertilization facilitate sexual reproduction with successive generations maintaining the same number of chromosomes. Meiosis occurs in reproductive parts. 
Mitosis occurs in vegetative cells, such as cells of root apex, shoot apex and leaf bud. Thus, option B is correct.

Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

Pericycle in roots produces

  1. Mechanical support

  2. Lateral roots

  3. Vascular bundles

  4. Adventitious buds
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Outer most part of the stele is pericycle . It is found in roots and dicot stem. in roots it is parenchymatous. In dicot root it is involved in the formation of lateral roots and in monocot roots it is involved in the formation of lateral roots.

So, the correct option is 'Lateral roots".

Multiple choice botany biodiversity and classification common diseases in humans epidemics transmission of diseases

The body of fungus is known as________

  1. hypha

  2. mycelium

  3. rhizoid

  4. fruiting body
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A.Hypha – a filament of mycelium is called hypha.

B.mycelium – a network of filamentous structure appear in the body of fungus is called mycelium.

C.Rhizoid -  root like hyphae appear in some fungi are called rhizoids.

D.Fruiting body – specialised structure formed after fertilizaiton in ascomyetis and basidiomycetis fungi is called fruiting body. It is made up of secondary mycelium.

So, the correct option is ‘mycelium’.

Multiple choice biology economic importance of bacteria and fungi common diseases in humans epidemics transmission of diseases

Select incorrect statement w.r.t edible mushrooms ____________________.

  1. Rhizomorph do not have root cap like structure

  2. Spawn is used for their culture

  3. Edible part is actually basidiocarp

  4. Dikaryotisation occurs by crozier formation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Root caps are the growing part of the roots present at the tips of the roots and are formed by parenchymal cells. Rhizomorphs also have a root cap like structure and hence the first statement is incorrect. So the right answer is option 'Rhizomorph do not have root cap like structure'.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Development of seed from an unfertilised egg is called as 

  1. Vivipary

  2. Parthenocarpy

  3. Apomixis

  4. Apospory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Apomixis was defined by Hans Winkler as replacement of the normal sexual reproduction by asexual reproduction, without fertilization. Apomixis is the development of seed from maternal genotype only. Apomictically produced offspring are genetically identical to the parent plant. Male apomixis (paternal apomixis) involves replacement of the genetic material of the egg cell by that from the pollen.
Vivipary is the condition whereby the embryo are developed inside the parent. 
Parthenocarpy, development of fruit without fertilization e.g.,  pineapple, banana, cucumber, grape, orange, grapefruit, persimmon etc.
Apospory is the production of sexual generation from an asexual generation without the intervention of spores. Thus, the correct answer is option C.