Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

The structures develops into the seed once fertilization has occurred is

  1. Integument

  2. Cotyledon

  3. Ovule

  4. Ovary

  5. Endosperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The event of double fertilization and subsequent growth and development results in the development of ovule into the seed. Each seed contains a young plant embryo and nutritive tissue (the endosperm), both of which are surrounded by a protective seed coat (derived from integument). Monocots have persistent endosperm that serves as amain source of food in the mature seed. Eudicots endosperm nourishes the developing embryo and subsequently stores food in its cotyledons. During development of seed from an ovule following fertilization, the ovary wall surrounding it enlarges and develops into a fruit wall while ovary makes fruit. Thus, the correct answer is D

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

The structures that develops into the fruit once fertilization has occurred is

  1. Integument

  2. Cotyledon

  3. Ovule

  4. Ovary

  5. Endosperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The event of double fertilization and subsequent growth and development results in the development of ovule into the seed. Each seed contains a young plant embryo and nutritive tissue (the endosperm), both of which are surrounded by a protective seed coat (derived from integument). Monocots have persistent endosperm that serves as a main source of food in the mature seed. Eudicots endosperm nourishes the developing embryo and subsequently stores food in its cotyledons. During development of seed from an ovule following fertilization, the ovary wall surrounding it enlarges and develops into a fruit wall while ovary makes fruit. Thus, the correct answer is D

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

The endosperm tissue in plants

  1. Differentiates to form root structures

  2. Provides nutrients to the plant embryo

  3. Gives rise to male gametes that make up pollen

  4. Makes up the photosynthetic cells inside the leaves

  5. Forms the tissues that transport water and nutrients
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The endosperm is the tissue produced inside the seeds of the flowering plants by triple fusion of two central nuclei and one male nuclei in embryo sac. This tissue  surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition to it in the form of starch while in some seeds these are completely absorbed by the time they mature, in others, the endosperm is present till the seeds germinate.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Ovule integument gets transformed into

  1. Seed

  2. Seed coat

  3. Fruit wall

  4. Cotyledons
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
After fertilisation in the flower, ovule gets transformed into the seed. The outer integument of the ovule becomes Testa and the inner integument becomes Tagmen. Testa and Tagmen are the two layers of the seed coat. The outer layer of seed coat is Testa which is very tough and the inner layer of seed coat is Tagmen which is very delicate. Hence, integuments get transformed into the seed coat.
So, the correct answer is B.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Identify the wrong statement regarding post fertilization development.

  1. Ovary wall develops into pericarp.

  2. Outer integument of ovule develops into tegmen.

  3. Ovule develops into seed.

  4. Ovary develops into fruit.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
After fertilization has occurred in the ovule, many post fertilization changes take place like:
• Ovary wall develops into the pericarp of the fruit.
• Outer integument develops into testa and inner integument develops into tegmen.
• Ovule develops into the seed.
• Ovary develops into the fruit. 
Hence, statement B given in the question is incorrect. So, the correct answer is B.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Pericarp of fruit develops from

  1. Wall of ovary

  2. Nucellus

  3. Funicle

  4. Seed coat
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The outer most layer of the fleshy fruits is called as pericarp developed from the ovary wall of the flower and surrounds the seeds. Fruits are the mature ovaries of one or more flowers.

So the correct option is 'Wall of ovary'.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

How many meiosis are required for the formation of 100 grains of wheat.

  1. 100

  2. 200

  3. 150

  4. 125
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
In plants, four male gametes are produced by a single microspore via meiosis. So, after 25 divisions, 100 male gametes will be produced. Also, one female gamete is produced after a single meiotic division. Hence, 100 eggs will be produced in 100 divisions. Hence, a total of 125 meiotic divisions are required for the formation of 100 wheat grains.
So, the correct answer is '125'.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
After fertilization, fruit is derived from

  1. endosperm

  2. ovule

  3. ovary

  4. microsporophyll
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Fruits are produced only by flowering plants (angiosperms). Following pollination of the flower, the fertilized ovules develop into seeds while the surrounding ovary wall forms the fruit tissue, or pericarp.

So, the correct option is 'ovary'.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Which of the following parts of the flower develops to become a fruit?

  1. Stigma

  2. Style

  3. Ovary

  4. Stamen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A fertilized flower gives rise to a fruit. A fruit is defined as a ripened ovary. It protects the seeds formed from the ovule. The pericarp is the fruit wall that develops from the ovary wall. A fleshy fruit is made up of three layers- 
1) Exocarp which is the outer layer or skin.
2) Mesocarp which is the middle layer that is fleshy.
3) Endocarp which is the inner layer surrounding the seed.
Thus the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Testa of seed is produced from

  1. ovary wall

  2. hilum

  3. outer integument of ovule

  4. funicle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A seed develops from an ovule after fertilisation. It consists of a tough coat called testa enclosing an embryo which is made up of plumule, radicle or cotyledons. It is produced from an outer integument of the ovule. 

So, the correct option is 'Option C'.

Multiple choice biology pollination structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

A very close relationship between flower and pollinating agent is best exhibited by 

  1. Yucca

  2. Avena

  3. Salmalia

  4. Pisum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A very close relationship between flower and pollinating agent is best exhibited by Yucca as there is a mutually rewarding relationship between Yucca plant and species of moth. They cannot complete their life cycle without each other. The moth lays egg in the locules of the ovary. The larva uses some of the seeds as food. In turn, the flowers are pollinated by the moth. 

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology movement and locomotion in living organisms movements in plants coordination in plants tropic and nastic movements in plants

Growth of pollen tube towards embryo sac is?

  1. Chemotropic

  2. Thigmotaxis

  3. Geotropic

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The pollen tube paves its way through the solid part of the stigma and style by secreting pectinases and hydrolytic enzymes. Pollen tube travels inter-cellularly and chemotropically along the concentration gradient of calcium-boron-Inositol sugar complex.