Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

In which of the following organs, growth is subapical?

  1. Shoot

  2. Petiole

  3. Root

  4. Pedicel
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Roots grow in length only from the ends. The tip of the root is covered by a root cap, which gives protection to the growing tip as it makes its way through the soil. The root has a subapical region, which is divided into three zones. They are, the zone of cell division, the zone of elongation and the zone of cell maturation. The subapical region carries out the growth of the roots.

 Hence, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

Consider the following statements.
(a) In a dicot root, the vascular bundles are collateral and endarch.
(b) The inner most layer of cortex in a dicot root is endodermis.
(c) In a dicot root, the phloem masses are separated from the xylem by conjunctive tissue. 
Of the above given statements

  1. (a) is true; but (b) and (c) are false

  2. (b) is true; but (a) and (c) are false

  3. (a) is false; but (b) and (c) are true

  4. (c) is false ; but (a) and (b) are true

  5. (c) is true; but (a) and (b) are false
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Dicot root shows radial vascular bundles, i.e., vascular bundles arranged in a ring. In this type of vascular bundle, the xylem and phloem are situated at different radii. Xylem is of exarch type, i.e., protoxylem is away from centre and metaxylem is towards centre. Hence, statement (a) is wrong.
The innermost layer of cortex in a dicot root is endodermis. It completely surrounds the stele. It consists of single layer of barrel shaped cells which lack intercellular spaces. Hence, statement (b) is correct. 
In a dicot root, the phloem masses are separated from the xylem by conjunctive tissues. Later, vascular cambium forms from this conjunctive tissue. Hence, statement (c) is correct. 
Thus, the correct answer is '(a) is false; but (b) and (c) are true'.

Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

Passage cells are thin walled cells found in ____________________.

  1. Phloem elements to serve as entry points

  2. Testa of seeds for emergence of embryonal axis

  3. Central area of style for passage of pollen tube

  4. Endodermis of roots to facilitate rapid transport of water from cortex to pericycle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Passage cells are thin walled cells present opposite to xylem patches in the endodermis of the root. They are endodermal cells.They are also called transfusion cells. They help in water transport from cortex to pericycle. 
So the correct answer is 'Endodermis of roots to facilitate rapid transport of water from cortex to pericycle'
Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

Velamen tissue is found in ................

  1. Mesophytes

  2. Epiphytes

  3. Hydrophytes

  4. Xerophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A typical aerial root of epiphytes consists of a specialised outer epidermis of several cell layers, called as the velamen. When mature, these cells are dead and filled with air. The velamen acts as a site for temporary water storage.
So, the correct answer is 'Epiphytes'
Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Cortex is found in

  1. Stems only

  2. Roots only

  3. Roots and stems

  4. Roots, stems, and leaves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The cortex is the outermost layer of the stem or root of a plant, bounded on the outside by the epidermis and on the inside by the endodermis. In plants, it is composed mostly of differentiated cells, usually large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Roots and stems'.

Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

Meiosis occurs in

  1. Shoot apex

  2. Reproductive parts

  3. Root apex

  4. Leaf bud
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing eukaryotes including animals, plants and fungi. In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. Because the number of chromosomes is halved during meiosis, this allows gametes to fuse to form a zygote containing a mixture of paternal and maternal chromosomes.
Thus, meiosis and fertilization facilitate sexual reproduction with successive generations maintaining the same number of chromosomes. Meiosis occurs in reproductive parts. Mitosis occurs in vegetative parts like shoot apex, root apex and leaf bud. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

Meiosis occurs in

  1. Shoot apex

  2. Reproductive parts

  3. Root apex

  4. Leaf bud
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division, which reduces the chromosome number by half. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing eukaryotes including animals, plants and fungi.

In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. Because the number of chromosomes is halved during meiosis, this allows gametes to fuse to form a zygote containing a mixture of paternal and maternal chromosomes. Thus, meiosis and fertilization facilitate sexual reproduction with successive generations maintaining the same number of chromosomes. Meiosis occurs in reproductive parts. 
Mitosis occurs in vegetative cells, such as cells of root apex, shoot apex and leaf bud. Thus, option B is correct.

Multiple choice evs identifying the plants absorption of water from the soil root system the root system

Pericycle in roots produces

  1. Mechanical support

  2. Lateral roots

  3. Vascular bundles

  4. Adventitious buds
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Outer most part of the stele is pericycle . It is found in roots and dicot stem. in roots it is parenchymatous. In dicot root it is involved in the formation of lateral roots and in monocot roots it is involved in the formation of lateral roots.

So, the correct option is 'Lateral roots".

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Development of seed from an unfertilised egg is called as 

  1. Vivipary

  2. Parthenocarpy

  3. Apomixis

  4. Apospory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Apomixis was defined by Hans Winkler as replacement of the normal sexual reproduction by asexual reproduction, without fertilization. Apomixis is the development of seed from maternal genotype only. Apomictically produced offspring are genetically identical to the parent plant. Male apomixis (paternal apomixis) involves replacement of the genetic material of the egg cell by that from the pollen.
Vivipary is the condition whereby the embryo are developed inside the parent. 
Parthenocarpy, development of fruit without fertilization e.g.,  pineapple, banana, cucumber, grape, orange, grapefruit, persimmon etc.
Apospory is the production of sexual generation from an asexual generation without the intervention of spores. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

After fertilization____develops into seed and___into fruit.

  1. Endosperm and Ovary

  2. Ovary and ovule

  3. Embryo sac and ovary

  4. Ovule and ovary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Plant fertilization is a process in which a male gamete, pollen, is transferred to the female reproductive organ to fuse with an ovule, as a part of the sexual reproduction. After fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed and the ovary develops into the fruit. 

So the answer is 'Ovule and ovary'. 

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

How many generation and genotypic cells are present in angiosperm seeds.

  1. Three and two respectively

  2. One and two respectively

  3. Two and three respectively

  4. One and three respectively
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A seed contains three generations locked one within another:
(a) Parent sporophyte in the form of seed coat/coats and persistent nucellus,
(b) Female gametophyte which stores food, and
(c) Future sporophyte in the form of an embryo.
While two genotypes are from male and female gametes. 
So, the correct option is 'Three and two respectively'. 
Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium

Identify the incorrect statement.

  1. Drupe develops from monocarpellary inferior ovary with stony endocarp

  2. Phyllode is analogous to cladophyll

  3. Supporting roots arise from lower nodes in maize

  4. Axillary buds are modified into woody, pointed structures in Citrus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A drupe typically develops from a superior or inferior ovary, but the key characteristic is a fleshy fruit with a stony endocarp (pit). The statement about it being exclusively from an inferior ovary is incorrect, as many drupes (like peaches or plums) develop from superior ovaries.