Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice biology pollination and fertilization agents of pollination environmental conservation and biodiversity pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo

Hydrophily is best demonstrated by  

  1. Nelumbium

  2. Vallisneria

  3. Nymphaea

  4. Ranunculus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pollination by means of water is called as Hydrophily. In Vallisneria, the male flower is detached from the plant and it will float on the water and are bought in the contact of the stigma of the female flower.

So the correct option is 'Vallisneria.'

Multiple choice biology pollination and fertilization agents of pollination environmental conservation and biodiversity pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo

The flower is important to a plant because it helps in

  1. Attracting

  2. Production of nectar

  3. Pollination

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All the flowers are important to plant as they attract pollinators by producing nectar, attracting pollinators and helps to plants in the reproduction process by pollination.

So, the correct option is 'All of the above.'

Multiple choice biology pollination and fertilization agents of pollination environmental conservation and biodiversity pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo

In Vallisneria, pollination is

  1. Hydrophilous

  2. Cleistogamous

  3. Anemophilous

  4. Entomophilous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In Vallisneria, pollination is hydrophilous. Pollination carried out through water is hydrophily. Light and unwettable pollen grains are present in these plants. Pollen grains are surrounded by mucilaginous covering, hence protected from wetting.

Multiple choice biology pollination and fertilization agents of pollination environmental conservation and biodiversity pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo

Pollination in Vallisneria is

  1. Epihydrophily

  2. Hypohydrophily

  3. Subhydrophily

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pollination in Vallisneria is epihydriphilous. It is a type of hydrophily which occurs on the surface of water. The female flower have a very long pedicel, therefore it reaches the surface of water. Male flowers after breakage floats on the surface of water. Pollen grains are released on to the surface of water. They are carried passively by water currents, some of them eventually reach the female flowers and the stigma.

Multiple choice biology pollination and fertilization agents of pollination environmental conservation and biodiversity pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo

Pollination by water occurs in

  1. <font><font>Ceratophyllum</font></font>

  2. <font><font>Zostera</font></font>

  3. <font><font>Lemna</font></font>

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Pollination by water occurs in Ceratophyllum and Zostera. These are aquatic plants. Pollination carried out through water is hydrophily. Pollination by water is quite rare in flowering plants and is limited to about 30 genera, mostly monocots, e.g. freshwater plants and marine water plants. Light and unwettable pollen grains are present in these plants.
Zostera is a totally submerged marine angiosperm. It has long, elongated and needle-like pollen grains which are without exine. They float below the surface of water and pollination by water occurs in this plant. 

Ceratophyllum is a totally submerged freshwater plant. 30-45 stamens are present in male flower. When sinking in water, female flowers come in contact with the pollen grains released from the male flower to effect pollination.
Lemna is also a water plant, but it undergoes pollination by the means of snail i.e., malacophily.

Multiple choice biology pollination and fertilization agents of pollination environmental conservation and biodiversity pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo

The process of transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigmatic surface of flower with the help of water is

  1. Anemophily

  2. Hydrophily

  3. Zoophily

  4. Ornithophily
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The process of transfer of pollen grains from the anther to stigmatic surface of the flower with the help of water is hydrophily. Pollination by water is quite rare in flowering plants and is limited to about 30 genera, mostly monocots, e.g. freshwater plants like Vallisneria, Hydrilla; marine water plants like Zostera. Light unwettable pollen grains are present in these plants. Pollen grains are surrounded by mucilaginous covering, hence protected from wetting. Stigma is long, sticky and unwettable.

Pollination by water may occur at two places: 
  1. Epihydrophily: It occurs on the surface of the water. e.g. Vallisneria.
  2. Hypohydrophily: It occurs beneath the surface of the water. e.g. Zostera.

Multiple choice biology pollination and fertilization agents of pollination environmental conservation and biodiversity pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo

Which of the following features is/ are common to both wind and water pollinated flowers?
I. Pollen grains are long and ribbon-like
II. Stigma is large and feathery
III. Flowers are not colourful
IV. Flowers do not produce nectar.

  1. III and IV

  2. II and III

  3. I and II

  4. II

  5. I
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Both wind and water pollinated flowers typically lack bright colors, nectar, and scent, as they do not need to attract animal pollinators. They rely on the physical movement of the medium to transport pollen.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

In sclerenchyma, wall is

  1. Lignified

  2. Suberised

  3. Pectinised

  4. Cutinised
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Sclerenchyma cells are characterized by relatively thick, lignified secondary cell walls. The lignified wall gives sclerenchyma cells their rigidity, and they function primarily in mechanical support and water conduction. They also make up most rigid parts of the plant (e.g., seed coats and some fruit walls) and are often positioned so that they provide mechanical protection for softer plant parts. 

So, the correct answer is 'Lignified.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Fibres and sclereids are the types of 

  1. Parenchyma

  2. Collenchyma

  3. Sclerenchyma

  4. Xylem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sclerenchyma is the simple permanent tissue present in plants that performs the function of protection and support. Two types of sclerenchyma cells exist, fibers and sclereids. Fibres are long, narrow-lumen, thick-walled and dead cells that provide support to the internal structure of plants. Sclereids are polygonal cells that are found in fruit pulp. Parenchyma has think walled, polygonal and live cells while collenchyma has angular thickened polygonal cells.

So, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchyma'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Which one is not correct about sclerenchyma?

  1. Sclerenchyma fibres associated with xylem tissue are called wood fibres

  2. Sclerenchyma fibres associated with phloem tissue are called bast fibres

  3. Endocarp of coconut is rich is sclerenchyma fibres

  4. Brachysclereids are isodiametric and polygonal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The exocarp is the thin outermost layer (or skin) of the fruit. The mesocarp is a thick husk composed of coarse brown fibers (coir). The endocarp is the hard, but relatively thin woody inner layer of a fruit that contains the endosperm. The endosperm is partly liquid (“coconut water”) and partly solid (fibrous white coconut “flesh” or “meat”, which adheres to the inner wall of the endocarp).

So, the correct answer is 'Endocarp of coconut is rich is sclerenchyma fibres.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Sclerenchymatic tissues are dead have lignified thickened walls.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

There are four types of tissues present in the plants, namely vascular tissue, epidermal tissue, ground tissue and meristematic tissue. Ground tissue consists of parenchyma tissue, collenchyma tissue and sclerenchyma tissue. Parenchyma cells have thin primary walls and remain alive after they become mature. Collenchyma cells have thin primary walls with secondary thickening in some areas. They provide mechanical and structural support.

Sclerenchyma cells have lignified thickened secondary walls and are dead after maturation. They provide the main structural support to a plant.
Thus, the correct answer is 'True.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Long plants are able to stand erect due to presence of

  1. Sclerenchyma

  2. Collenchyma

  3. Parenchyma

  4. Prosenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Since plants do not have bones for structure and support they must have cell walls around all of their cells. This leads to the need for very unique cells in plants. Sclerenchyma cells are specialized plant cells that exist to provide strength and support. They are present in all kinds of plants including grasses, trees, and flowering plants.

So, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchyma.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Sclerenchyma fibres are absent in

  1. Protoxylem

  2. Protophloem

  3. Metaxylem

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,B Correct answer
Explanation

Protoxylem and protophloem that develop in the primary stage of plants need living cells to divide and form more tissues to grow and as sclerenchymatous cells are dead and not divide so they lack sclerenchyma cells.

So the correct option is 'Protoxylem and Protophloem'.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Pits are found in the walls of

  1. Parenchyma

  2. Sclerenchyma

  3. Collenchyma

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pits are thin portions of the cell wall. Through pits, the communication and exchange of fluid takes place between cells.  There is no deposition of lignin in this area. They are found in the walls of dead tissues with lignified cell walls like sclerenchyma and tracheids and vessels of xylem.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchyma.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Simple tissues are_________________

  1. Parenchyma, xylem and collenchyma

  2. Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma

  3. Parenchyma, xylem and sclerenchyma

  4. Parenchyma, xylem and phloem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Simple permanent tissues are a group of cells with the same origin, structure and function are called simple permanent tissues.
  •  Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are simple tissue which coordinates to perform a similar function.

So, the correct answer is option B.