Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Which of the following pair has lignin?

  1. Tracheid and collenchyma

  2. Sclerenchyma and sieve tube

  3. Sclerenchyma and trachea

  4. Parenchyma and endodermis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sclerenchyma cells have thickened lignified walls, which make them strong and waterproof. The wall of the trachea is considerably thickened and lignified.  The characteristic thickening pattern, the thickness and the lignin content of the cell wall provide the vessel rigidity and make it resistant against the collapsing effect of the intense transpiration of the leaves.

So, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchyma and trachea.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Tissue cells commonly found in fruit walls of nuts and pulp of some fruits like guava are called

  1. Fibres

  2. Sclereids

  3. Tracheids

  4. Vessels
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The spherical, oval or cylindrical cells with very narrow lumen; in sclerenchyma are called sclereids. Sclereids are usually found in the fruit walls of nuts, pulp of fruits like guava, pear and sapota; seed coats of legumes and leaves of tea. The gritty texture of pear or guava is because of sclereids.

So, the correct answer is 'Sclereids.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Which of the following statements is true?

  1. Collenchyma occurs in layers below epidermis in monocot plants

  2. Xylem parenchyma cells are living, thin walled and lignified

  3. Sclerenchyma cells are usually dead and without protoplasts

  4. Companion cells are specialised sclerenchyma cells

  5. Phloem fibres are generally present in primary phloem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sclerenchyma tissue is composed of sclerenchyma cells, which are usually dead at maturity (i.e., have lost their protoplasts). They characteristically contain very thick, hard secondary walls lined with lignin; consequently, sclerenchyma provides additional support and strength to the plant body.

So, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchyma cells are usually dead and without protoplasts.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Hard lignified thick-walled long and painted cells constitute

  1. Parenchyma

  2. Collenchyma

  3. Sclereids

  4. Sclerenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Sclerenchyma is thick walled dead lignified cells, they are hard and elastic. The sclerenchyma cells are divided into two groups namely fibers and sclereids. Sclerenchymatous fibers are branched/unbranched, long, hard, pointed cells with tapering ends, thick walls, and narrow lumen. 
So, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchyma.'
Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Fibres and sclereids are the types of 

  1. Parenchyma

  2. Collenchyma

  3. Sclerenchyma

  4. Xylem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sclerenchyma is the simple permanent tissue present in plants that performs the function of protection and support. Two types of sclerenchyma cells exist, fibers and sclereids. Fibres are long, narrow-lumen, thick-walled and dead cells that provide support to the internal structure of plants. Sclereids are polygonal cells that are found in fruit pulp. Parenchyma has think walled, polygonal and live cells while collenchyma has angular thickened polygonal cells.

So, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchyma'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Which one is not correct about sclerenchyma?

  1. Sclerenchyma fibres associated with xylem tissue are called wood fibres

  2. Sclerenchyma fibres associated with phloem tissue are called bast fibres

  3. Endocarp of coconut is rich is sclerenchyma fibres

  4. Brachysclereids are isodiametric and polygonal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The exocarp is the thin outermost layer (or skin) of the fruit. The mesocarp is a thick husk composed of coarse brown fibers (coir). The endocarp is the hard, but relatively thin woody inner layer of a fruit that contains the endosperm. The endosperm is partly liquid (“coconut water”) and partly solid (fibrous white coconut “flesh” or “meat”, which adheres to the inner wall of the endocarp).

So, the correct answer is 'Endocarp of coconut is rich is sclerenchyma fibres.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Sclerenchymatic tissues are dead have lignified thickened walls.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

There are four types of tissues present in the plants, namely vascular tissue, epidermal tissue, ground tissue and meristematic tissue. Ground tissue consists of parenchyma tissue, collenchyma tissue and sclerenchyma tissue. Parenchyma cells have thin primary walls and remain alive after they become mature. Collenchyma cells have thin primary walls with secondary thickening in some areas. They provide mechanical and structural support.

Sclerenchyma cells have lignified thickened secondary walls and are dead after maturation. They provide the main structural support to a plant.
Thus, the correct answer is 'True.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Long plants are able to stand erect due to presence of

  1. Sclerenchyma

  2. Collenchyma

  3. Parenchyma

  4. Prosenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Since plants do not have bones for structure and support they must have cell walls around all of their cells. This leads to the need for very unique cells in plants. Sclerenchyma cells are specialized plant cells that exist to provide strength and support. They are present in all kinds of plants including grasses, trees, and flowering plants.

So, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchyma.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Sclerenchyma fibres are absent in

  1. Protoxylem

  2. Protophloem

  3. Metaxylem

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,B Correct answer
Explanation

Protoxylem and protophloem that develop in the primary stage of plants need living cells to divide and form more tissues to grow and as sclerenchymatous cells are dead and not divide so they lack sclerenchyma cells.

So the correct option is 'Protoxylem and Protophloem'.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Pits are found in the walls of

  1. Parenchyma

  2. Sclerenchyma

  3. Collenchyma

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pits are thin portions of the cell wall. Through pits, the communication and exchange of fluid takes place between cells.  There is no deposition of lignin in this area. They are found in the walls of dead tissues with lignified cell walls like sclerenchyma and tracheids and vessels of xylem.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchyma.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Simple tissues are_________________

  1. Parenchyma, xylem and collenchyma

  2. Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma

  3. Parenchyma, xylem and sclerenchyma

  4. Parenchyma, xylem and phloem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Simple permanent tissues are a group of cells with the same origin, structure and function are called simple permanent tissues.
  •  Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are simple tissue which coordinates to perform a similar function.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Sclereids belong to

  1. Xylem

  2. Parenchyma

  3. Collenchyma

  4. Sclerenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Xylem is a complex permanent tissue which transports water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plants. It is composed of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres.
B. Parenchyma is a simple permanent tissue made up of thin walled living cells.
C. Collenchyma is a specialised simple permanent tissue which gives mechanical support to the plants.
D. Sclerenchyma is lignified supportive simple permanent tissue composed of thick walled and dead cells as the living protoplast is absent in the cells. Sclerenchyma consists of sclerenchyma fibres and sclereids.
So, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchyma'
Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Unthickened areas present in the walls of sclerenchyma are

  1. Pits

  2. Plasmodesmata

  3. Junctions

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Sclerenchyma cells possess pits and plasmodesmata where cell walls are not lignified or thickened. Plasmodesmata aid in cytoplasmic connections in adjacent cells through which transportation of substances occur. Therefore, option D is correct.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

The plant tissues commonly found in fruit walls of nuts and pulp of some fruits like guava are termed as

  1. Fibers

  2. Tracheids

  3. Sclereids

  4. Vessels
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The plant tissues commonly found in fruit walls of nuts and pulp of some fruits like guava are termed as sclereids. Sclereids are a reduced form of sclerenchyma cells with highly thickened, lignified cellular walls that form small bundles of durable layers of tissue in most plants. The presence of numerous sclereids form the cores of apples and produce the gritty texture of pears. Although, sclereids are variable in shape, the cells are generally isodiametric, prosenchymatic, forked or elaborately branched. They can be grouped into bundles, can form complete tubes located at the periphery or can occur as single cells or small groups of cells within parenchyma tissues.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.