Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

Gynobasic style is characteristic feature of the family ____________.

  1. Rosaceae

  2. Orchidaceae

  3. Labiatae

  4. Cucurbitaceae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A gynobasic style is characterized by the style arising from the base of the four-lobed ovary, nestled between the lobes rather than from its apex. This is a classic and diagnostic morphological feature of the family Labiatae, also known as Lamiaceae (the mint family).

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

In flowering plants, meiosis takes place during?

  1. Pollen grain formation

  2. Seed formation

  3. Gamete formation

  4. Seed germination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Meiosis occurs during the formation of gametes (gametogenesis) in the life cycle of flowering plants to reduce the chromosome number from diploid to haploid.

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction common modes of vegetative propagation biotechnological regulations pcr

Vegetative reproduction is most favourable with which part of plant.

  1. Stem

  2. Root

  3. Leaves

  4. Patra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • A stem can easily be cut out and planted at a different location for growing a new plant.
  • Steam is most easy to manage among the given parts of the plant.

So, the correct answer is 'Stem'.

Multiple choice biology plant growth other plant hormones cytokinins, ethylene and abscisic acid plant hormones

Which combination is used in fruit ripening?

  1. $80$% $C{H} _{4} +20$% ${O} _{2}$
  2. $80$% ${C} _{2}{H} _{4} +20$% $C{O} _{2}$
  3. $80$% $C{O} _{2} +20$% ${C} _{2}{H} _{4}$
  4. $80$% $C{H} _{4} +20$% $C{O} _{2}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone. It is also called as ripening hormone. It is used externally to accelerate the fruit ripening process. Also during ripening process, controlled amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen is needed. For artificially ripening fruit, 80% C$ _2$H$ _4$ and 20% CO$ _2$ is used.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology plant growth and development other plant hormones cytokinins, ethylene and abscisic acid plant hormones

How many of the following are true regarding secondary growth in root?
A. All cambium are secondary in orgin
B. Lenticels are not formed
C. Bark is formed
D. Cork cambium is originated from outer layer of cortex

  1. Two

  2. Three

  3. One

  4. Four
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In dicotyledonous plants, roots undergo secondary growth to increase in thickness by the formation of the secondary meristem. In roots, vascular bundles are radial, primary cambium is absent. During secondary growth, some of the parenchyma cells beneath each phloem group become meristematic and thus form cambium strips, which is secondary in origin. 

Lenticels can be developed by the activity of phellogen or cork cambium as transversely elongated outer cortex regions. 
In stems and roots of the woody dicots, all the cork layers together with cortical and dry secondary phloem tissue external to the innermost phellogen are called outer bark; while all the tissues external to the vascular cambium (secondary phloem, primary phloem, cortex, periderm, and tissues outside the periderm are termed bark. 
In dicot roots, cork cambium or phellogen arises in the outer cells of the pericycle. 
Hence, the except D all other options are correct. 
So, the correct answer is option B, Three. 

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

The fungal component of lichen is called?

  1. Phycobiont

  2. Photobiont

  3. Mycobiont

  4. Symbiont
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are the symbiotic associations i.e; mutually useful associations between algae and fungi. The algal component is known as phycobiont and the fungal component is known as mycobiont. Algae prepare food for fungi and fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water for its partner.  option C is the answer

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

A lichen having much branched system of cylindrical or ribbon-like branches but a small thallus, is called as?

  1. Foliose lichen

  2. Fruticose lichen

  3. Crustaceous lichen

  4. Thallose lichen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Fruticose lichens are characterized by a much-branched system of cylindrical, ribbon-like, or shrubby thalli that grow upright or hang down. Foliose lichens are leaf-like, while crustaceous lichens form a crust tightly adhered to the substrate.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

A teacher was explaining about a constant physical contact involving almost equal physiological interdependence in two different thalloid forms. He was trying to explain, which one of the following?

  1. Mycorrhizal association

  2. Establishment of heterothallism

  3. Operation of heterothallism

  4. Advent of lichen formation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The teacher was explaining the advent of lichen formation. A lichen is made up of a simple photosynthesising organism, usually green algae or cyanobacteria, surrounded by filaments of a fungus. Generally, most of lichens bulk is made of interwoven fungal filaments, although in filamentous and gelatinous lichens this is not the case. The fungus is called as a mycobiont. The photosynthesizing organism is called as a photobiont. Algal photobionts are called as phycobionts. Cyanobacteria photobionts are called as cyanobionts. The part of a lichen that is not involved in reproduction, the "body" or vegetative tissue" of a lichen, is called as the thallus. The thallus form is very different from any form, where the fungus or alga are growing separately. The thallus is made up of filaments of the fungus called as hyphae. The filaments grow by branching then rejoining to create a mesh, which is called being. The mesh of fungal filaments may be dense or loose.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Short twisted strands of hyphae which serve as anchors for lichens are :

  1. Rhizines

  2. Rhizoids

  3. Mycelium

  4. Roots
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In lichens, rhizines are multicellular root-like structures, arising mostly from the lower surface.Rhizines serve only to anchor the lichen to their substrate; they do not absorb nutrients as do plant roots.

So the correct option is A.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Lichens are well known combination of an alga and a fungus where fungus has 

  1. An epiphytic relationship with the alga.

  2. A parasitic relationship with the alga.

  3. A symbiotic relationship with the alga.

  4. A saprophytic relationship with the alga.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Symbiosis in lichens is the mutually helpful symbiotic relationship of green algae and/or blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) living among filaments of a fungus. The fungus benefits from the algae or cyanobacteria, because they produce food by photosynthesis. The algae or cyanobacteria benefit by being protected from the environment by the filaments of the fungus, which also gather moisture and nutrients from the environment, and provide an anchor to it.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

A lichen having much branched system of cylindrical or ribbon-like branches but a small thallus, is called as

  1. Foliose lichen

  2. Fruticose lichen

  3. Crsutaceous lichen

  4. Thallose lichen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Fruticose lichen ususally round in cross secetion (terete), and most are branched. They can be like little shrubs growing upward, or they can hang down in long strands. The fruticose lichens have much branched cylindrical, ribbon-like, flattened or sometimes filamentous thalli. 

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Select the true statements out of the following.

  1. The lichens are curious because they are composite or dual organism.

  2. The apothecium consists of the fungal component only (e.g. Cladonia), such apothecia are called lecideine type.

  3. Parmelia, Physica, Lecanora etc. have more highly developed apothecia called Lecanorine type in which both fungal and algal components are present.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are a small group of curious plants, they are curious because they are the composite or dual organism. They are the association between fungi and green algae or blue-green bacteria.

Apothecium is round and cup-shaped structure. If the apothecium consists only the fungal component, it is known as lecideine type (e.g., Lecidea, Cladonia, Gyrophora) and if it consists bath algal and fungal components it is known as lecanorine type (e.g., Lecanora, Parmelia).
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

A teacher explaining physical contact leading to equal physiological dependence between two thalloid forms was telling about

  1. Mycorrhizal association

  2. Establishment of heterothallism

  3. Operation of heterothallism

  4. Advent of lichen formation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are formed by the physical association between fungal partner and the algal partner. The fungal partner acts as a mycobiont and algal partner acts as a phycobiont. In lichens, fungus grow around algae and provide bulk for their growth. The algae and fungus association is must for lichens to reproduce. So, they are physically dependent on each other. Here, both fungus and algae are in their thalloid forms.

So, option D is the correct answer.