Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction common modes of vegetative propagation biotechnological regulations pcr

Vegetative reproduction is most favourable with which part of plant.

  1. Stem

  2. Root

  3. Leaves

  4. Patra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • A stem can easily be cut out and planted at a different location for growing a new plant.
  • Steam is most easy to manage among the given parts of the plant.

So, the correct answer is 'Stem'.

Multiple choice biology plant growth and development other plant hormones cytokinins, ethylene and abscisic acid plant hormones

How many of the following are true regarding secondary growth in root?
A. All cambium are secondary in orgin
B. Lenticels are not formed
C. Bark is formed
D. Cork cambium is originated from outer layer of cortex

  1. Two

  2. Three

  3. One

  4. Four
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In dicotyledonous plants, roots undergo secondary growth to increase in thickness by the formation of the secondary meristem. In roots, vascular bundles are radial, primary cambium is absent. During secondary growth, some of the parenchyma cells beneath each phloem group become meristematic and thus form cambium strips, which is secondary in origin. 

Lenticels can be developed by the activity of phellogen or cork cambium as transversely elongated outer cortex regions. 
In stems and roots of the woody dicots, all the cork layers together with cortical and dry secondary phloem tissue external to the innermost phellogen are called outer bark; while all the tissues external to the vascular cambium (secondary phloem, primary phloem, cortex, periderm, and tissues outside the periderm are termed bark. 
In dicot roots, cork cambium or phellogen arises in the outer cells of the pericycle. 
Hence, the except D all other options are correct. 
So, the correct answer is option B, Three. 

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Short twisted strands of hyphae which serve as anchors for lichens are :

  1. Rhizines

  2. Rhizoids

  3. Mycelium

  4. Roots
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In lichens, rhizines are multicellular root-like structures, arising mostly from the lower surface.Rhizines serve only to anchor the lichen to their substrate; they do not absorb nutrients as do plant roots.

So the correct option is A.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

A lichen having much branched system of cylindrical or ribbon-like branches but a small thallus, is called as

  1. Foliose lichen

  2. Fruticose lichen

  3. Crsutaceous lichen

  4. Thallose lichen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Fruticose lichen ususally round in cross secetion (terete), and most are branched. They can be like little shrubs growing upward, or they can hang down in long strands. The fruticose lichens have much branched cylindrical, ribbon-like, flattened or sometimes filamentous thalli. 

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

A teacher explaining physical contact leading to equal physiological dependence between two thalloid forms was telling about

  1. Mycorrhizal association

  2. Establishment of heterothallism

  3. Operation of heterothallism

  4. Advent of lichen formation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are formed by the physical association between fungal partner and the algal partner. The fungal partner acts as a mycobiont and algal partner acts as a phycobiont. In lichens, fungus grow around algae and provide bulk for their growth. The algae and fungus association is must for lichens to reproduce. So, they are physically dependent on each other. Here, both fungus and algae are in their thalloid forms.

So, option D is the correct answer.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination in plants cytokinins plant hormones plants and animal hormones

Transport of cytokinin in the plant body is

  1. Basipetal

  2. Lateral

  3. Acropetal

  4. On all sides
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cytokinin is a plant hormone that is synthesized in the root. It shows acropetal transport. It is exactly opposite to the basipetal transport of auxin hormone. Acropetal transport is the translocation of hormone towards the shoot apex.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Selaginella and Salvinia are considered to represent a significant step toward the evolution of seed habit because 

  1. Embryo develops in female gametophyte which is retained on parent sporophyte

  2. Female gametophyte is free and gets dispersed like seeds

  3. Female gametophyte lacks archegonia

  4. Megaspore possess endosperm and embryo surrounded by seed coat
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Genera like Selaginella and Salvinia which produce two kinds of spores, macro (large) and small (micro) spores are known as heterosporous. Microspore and macrospore germinate and gives rise to male and female gametophyte respectively. The female gametophytes in these plants are retained on the parent sporophyte for a variable period. The development of the zygote into young embryo takes place within the female gametophytes. This event is a precursor to the seed habits considered an important step in evolution. So, the correct answer is 'Embryo develops in female gametophyte which is retained on parent sporophyte'.

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Spindle shaped male gametes are found in

  1. Lycopodium

  2. Pteris

  3. Pteridium

  4. Selaginella
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Selaginella is a pteridophyte also known as spike moss or little club moss. It is a tropical plant. It has world wide distribution. It grows in damp forests. Some species occur in temperate regions. They grow in moist shady places. In Selaginella male gametes are spindle shaped and biflagellate. Hence option D is correct.

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

The evolutionary advanced features of Selaginella are :
(a) Heterospory
(b) Endosporic development of gametophyte.
(c) Reduced gametophyte
(d) Localization of sporangium bearing appendages in strobili.
(e) Unisexual gametophytes
(f) fertilization with the help of water.

  1. All are correct

  2. All expect (f) are correct

  3. All expect (e) and (f) are correct

  4. All expect (c) is correct.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Selaginella exhibits heterospory, endosporic development, reduced gametophytes, and strobilus formation, which are considered advanced evolutionary traits in pteridophytes.

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Arrangement of leaves in the bud condition is called _________.

  1. Phyllotaxy

  2. Insertion

  3. Ptyxis

  4. Vernation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Arrangement of leaves on the stem branches is called as phyllotaxy. 
Insertion is the angle and orientation of the leaves with respect to the axis of the stem. 
The folding of lamina in bud condition is called as ptyxis. 
Vernation is the phenomenon of arrangement of leaves in the bud condition.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Vernation.'
Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Heterosporous pteridophytes (e.g., Selaginella) always produce ................ gametophytes

  1. Monoecious

  2. Dioecious

  3. Homothallic

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Heterosporous pteridophytes (e.g., Selaginella) always produce dioecious gametophytes. A heterosporous life history occurs in some pteridophytes and in all seed plants. It is characterized by morphologically dissimilar spores produced from two types of sporangia: microspores, or male spores, and megaspores (macrospores), or female spores. In pteridophytes, megaspores are typically larger than microspores, but the opposite is true in most seed plants.