Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

The "endosperm" of a gymnosperm represent

  1. Gametophytic tissue

  2. Sporophytic tissue

  3. Tissue formed by double fertilization

  4. Polyploid tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The "endosperm" is a tissue in which the nutrient substances necessary for the development of the embryo are deposited. In gymnosperms the endosperm is formed in the ovule during germination of the megaspore is a gametophytic tissue, which consequently becomes the female prothallus or the gametophyte with a haploid set of chromosomes. The archegonia in gymnosperms develop from certain cells of the endosperm.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

In gymnosperms, the pollen chamber represents

  1. The microsporangium in which pollen grains develop.

  2. A cell in the pollen grain in which the sperms are formed.

  3. A cavity in the ovule in which pollen grains are stored after pollination.

  4. An opening in the megagametophyte, through which the pollen tube approaches the egg.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In gymnosperms, below micropylar beak some of the cells of nucellus of ovule disintigerate to form pollen chamber.

The process of pollination in gymnosperms involves the help of pollination droplet from the micropyle, which drops when pollen grains are shed. This droplet catches the pollen grains and carries it into the pollen chamber for fertilizing the ovule.  
After pollination the droplet evaporates and contracts, carrying the pollen grains into the pollen chamber and into contact with the ovule.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Pollen chamber present in gymnosperms represents _________________.

  1. Microsporangium

  2. Pollen grain cell where sperms are formed

  3. Opening of megagametophyte for passage of pollen tube to egg

  4. Cavity in nucellus for resting pollen grains after pollination.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In gymnosperms, the pollen chamber is a cavity formed in the nucellus of the ovule where pollen grains land and rest before germination.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Siphonogamy is a reproductive process in plants that produce seeds. In this process, a pollen tube carries the sperm cells to the egg located within the integumented megasporangium. Which group of plants exhibit this process?

  1. Pteridophytes

  2. Bryophytes

  3. Thallophytes

  4. Gymnosperms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gymnosperms are wind-pollinated plants. They do not have to cover around seeds. They do not produce fruits or flowers. After pollination, they produce pollen tubes. This pollen tube carries the sperm cells to the egg. These eggs are located within the integument megasporangium. So, all these are the characteristics of gymnosperms.

So, option G "Gymnosperms" is the correct answer.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

In which portion of Cycas diploxylic vascular bundles are found ?

  1. Root

  2. Stem

  3. Leaflet

  4. Rachis and leaflet
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The rachis and leaflet have diploxylic vascular bundles. At the region ofthe stem cortex, the leaf trace has only centrifugal xylem, hence, it is endarch. These traces enter the leaf as the rachis separates, the centripetal xylem appears and it is in the exarch condition. The leaflet has a single midrib bundle and is in the diploxylic condition.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Gymnosperms and angiosperms show similarity in 

  1. Leaves, rhizomes and spore

  2. Leaves, stems, roots and seeds

  3. Flat leaves, trunks and naked seeds

  4. Lack of vascular tissue and small leaflets

  5. Needle-like leaves, stems, roots and fleshy fruits
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Both gymnosperms and angiosperms are seed-bearing vascular plants. Gymnosperms are the seed bearing plants wherein seeds are naked i.e. not enclosed by ovary or fruit. Angiosperms are seed bearing plants wherein seeds are enclosed within ovary or fruit. Both have a well-differentiated stem, root and leaves. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Which is present in vascular bundles of gymnosperms?

  1. Tracheids

  2. Vessels

  3. Companion cells

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vessels are limited in growth, are joined end to end to form continuous tubular structures with perforations in their cross walls. Water and minerals are efficiently conducted through these perforations. Vessels are present in most of the angiosperms. Tracheids are elongated and non-perforated. They have only pit pairs, at the regions of union with other tracheids. Conduction of water and minerals is not as efficient as in vessels. Tracheids are found in most of the gymnosperms.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

The gymnospermic endosperm differs from an angiospermic endosperm because in gymnosperm it is

  1. Haploid and developed from female gametophyte

  2. Diploid and developed from female gametophyte

  3. Triploid and developed after fertilization

  4. Triploid and developed before fertilization
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In gymnosperms, the endosperm is formed before fertilization from the female gametophyte, making it haploid. In angiosperms, it is formed after fertilization via triple fusion, making it triploid.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

In a gymnosperm, the endosperm

  1. Develops without fertilization

  2. Forms after fertilization but does not require triple fusion

  3. Is diploid

  4. Is short-lived
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The endosperm in gymnosperms is part of the female gametophyte, which develops into the endosperm before fertilization occurs.

Multiple choice evs flowers and fruits phanerogams gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom

Protostele is

  1. Stele divided into many parts

  2. Early stele with central solid xylem surrounded by phloem

  3. Latent stele

  4. Angiosperm stele
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A protostele is the simplest and most primitive type of stele, characterized by a solid central core of xylem surrounded by a layer of phloem. It lacks a central pith.