Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae uses of bryophytes introduction to bryophytes cryptogams

Consider the folowing statements
Marchantia polymorpha
1. is dioecious
2. possesses antheriodophores and archegoniophores.
3. lacks foot and seta in its sporophyte
4. is heterosporous.
Which of these statements are corrct?

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 3 and 4

  3. 1 and 4

  4. 2 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Marchantia polymorpha is dioecious (separate male and female plants) and produces antheridiophores and archegoniophores. It is homosporous, not heterosporous, and its sporophyte does possess a foot and seta.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae uses of bryophytes introduction to bryophytes cryptogams

Consider the following pairs.
a. Sporogonium opening irregularly- Marchantia
b. Sporogonium splitting down into two halves- Scapania
c. Sporogonium with a bulbous foot- Anthoceros
d. Sporogonium without a long stalk-like seta- Sphagnum.
Which of the pairs are correctly matched?

  1. $1, 2, 3$ and $4$
  2. $1, 2$ and $4$
  3. $1, 3$ and $4$
  4. $2$ and $3$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

All the listed pairs are standard descriptions of sporophyte characteristics in various bryophytes: Marchantia (irregular), Scapania (two halves), Anthoceros (bulbous foot), and Sphagnum (no seta).

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae uses of bryophytes introduction to bryophytes cryptogams

While studying a plant, you discover that it has chlorophyll, no xylem. Its multicellulcar sex organs are enclosed in a layer of jacket cells. Its gametophyte Stage is free living. The plant probability belongs to

  1. Chlorophyceae

  2. Bryophyte

  3. Pteridophyte

  4. Gymnosperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The life cycle of higher plants is dominated by the sporophyte stage, with the gametophyte borne on the sporophyte. In ferns, the gametophyte is free-living and very distinct in structure from the diploid sporophyte. Pteridophytes also have their multicellular sex organs covered in the multicellular jacket later.

So the correct answer should be option 'Pteridophyte' .

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae uses of bryophytes introduction to bryophytes cryptogams

Vascular and mechanical tissue is absent in_____________.

  1. Bryophyta

  2. Pteridophyta

  3. Gymnosperms

  4. Angiosperms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pteridophytes have a well-differentiated plant body with vascular tissues. Therefore, option B is incorrect. 
Gymnosperms have a well-differentiated plant body with vascular tissues. They produce naked seeds. Therefore, option C is incorrect. 
Angiosperms have a well-differentiated plant body with vascular tissues. They produce seeds enveloped in fruits. Therefore, option D is incorrect. 
Bryophytes have a well-differentiated plant body with stem and leaf-like structures. They do not have conducting or vascular tissues, i.e, xylem, and phloem. Thus, they are called non-vascular cryptogamic plants. They are very small in length usually 2 cm to 15 cm. So they do not need mechanical tissues.  Therefore, option A is correct.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae uses of bryophytes introduction to bryophytes cryptogams

Female sex organ of bryophytes is called as

  1. Ovary

  2. Oogonia

  3. Antheridium

  4. Archegonium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Archegonium is the the female reproductive organ in ferns and mosses. An archegonium also occurs in some gymnosperms, e.g., cycads and conifers. It is a flask-shaped structure, consists of a neck, with one or more layers of cells, and a swollen base and the centre, which contains the egg. Neck-canal cells, located above the egg, disappear as the archegonium matures, thus producing a passage for entry of the sperm. The sperm are produced in the corresponding male reproductive organ, the antheridium.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae uses of bryophytes introduction to bryophytes cryptogams

Which does not occur in thallus of Marchantia?

  1. Nostoc

  2. Oil cells

  3. Starch grains

  4. Reticulate thickenings
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Marchantia is a liverwort. While it contains oil cells and starch grains in its thallus, and may show various cellular structures, it does not contain Nostoc, which is a cyanobacterium often found in the thallus of Anthoceros (hornworts) as a symbiont.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae uses of bryophytes introduction to bryophytes cryptogams

Which of the following have an independent gametophyte generation and a dependent sporophyte generation?

  1. Horsetails

  2. Mosses

  3. Ferns

  4. Conifers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Alternation of generations is a term primarily used to describe the life cycle of plants (taken here to mean the Archaeplastida). A multicellular gametophyte, which is haploid with n chromosomes, alternates with a multicellular sporophyte, which is diploid with 2n chromosomes, made up of n pairs. 
  • A mature sporophyte produces spores by meiosis, a process that reduces the number of chromosomes to half, from 2n to n. Because meiosis is a key step in the alternation of generations, it is likely that meiosis has a fundamental adaptive function. 
  • The nature of this function is still unresolved, but the two main ideas are that meiosis is adaptive because it facilitates repair of DNA damages and/or that it generates genetic variation. In liverworts, mosses, and hornworts, the sporophyte is less well developed than the gametophyte and is largely dependent on it. 
  • Although moss and hornwort sporophytes can photosynthesize, they require additional photosynthate from the gametophyte to sustain growth and spore development and depend on it for the supply of water, mineral nutrients and nitrogen.
  • In ferns, the gametophyte is a small flattened autotrophic prothallus on which the young sporophyte is briefly dependent for its nutrition.
Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae uses of bryophytes introduction to bryophytes cryptogams

Slime pores are found in

  1. Funaria

  2. Riccia

  3. Marchantia

  4. Anthoceros
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Slime pores are found in :

Correct option is (D), Anthoceros.
Anthoceros grown in moist soil. They have thallus body and found in shady area. Slime pores are present in Anthoceros. 
Hence, option D is correct.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae uses of bryophytes introduction to bryophytes cryptogams

Reduced gametophyte is the important character of _____

  1. Lower cryptogams

  2. Higher cryptogams

  3. Gymnosperms

  4. Angiosperms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The haploid phase in the life cycle of plants is called Gametophyte. It is a haploid phase. It is well developed in bryophytes and highly reduced in angiosperms.

So, the correct option is 'Angiosperms'.