Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of dicot stem internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot) anatomy of stem

Which of the following characters are not applicable to the anatomy of dicot stem?
(a) Collenchymatous hypodermis
(b) Polyarch xylem
(c) Presence of casparian strips on endodermis
(d) Open vascular bundle
(e) Presence of medullary rays.

  1. a, d and e only

  2. b and c only

  3. b and e only

  4. a, b and c only

  5. c, d and e only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

a) Collenchymatous hypodermis -applicable because hypodermis is made up of collenchyma.

b) Polyarch xylem – not applicable, because, xylem and phloem are present on the same radius and side by side. It is found in monocot roots.

c) Presence of Casparian strips on endodermis – not applicable, because Casparian strips appear on the radial and tangential walls of the endodermis of roots.

d) Open vascular bundle – applicable, because, cambium is present between the xylem and phloem in the vascular bundles.

e) Presence of medullary rays – applicable – because, these are the extensions of medulla between the vascular bundles.

So, the correct option is ‘b and c’.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of dicot stem internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot) anatomy of stem

In a mature dicot stem. which has undergone secondary growth, the youngest layer of secondary xylem is situated

  1. In between pith and primary xylem

  2. Just outside the vascular cambium

  3. Just inner to the vascular cambium

  4. Just inner to the phellogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

secondary xylem is also called wood. Any tissue located to the "outside" of the vascular cambium is considered bark and tissue side is called as wood.

So the correct option is 'Just inner to the vascular cambium.'

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany importance and classification of angiosperms plant adaptation adaptation in plants uses of angiosperms classification of angiosperms

Development of microsporangium in angiosperms and gymnosperms is of.

  1. Eusporangiate type

  2. Leptosporangiate type

  3. Monosporic type

  4. Tetrasporic type
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In angiosperms and gymnosperms, the microsporangium develops from a group of archesporial cells, which is characteristic of the eusporangiate type of development.

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany importance and classification of angiosperms plant adaptation adaptation in plants uses of angiosperms classification of angiosperms

In angiosperms normally after fertilization.

  1. The zygote divides earlier than the primary endosperm nucleus

  2. The primary endosperm nucleus divides earlier than the zygote

  3. Both the zygote and primary endosperm nuclei divide simultaneously

  4. Both the zygote and primary endosperm nuclei undergo a resting period
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany importance and classification of angiosperms plant adaptation adaptation in plants uses of angiosperms classification of angiosperms

Which one of the following statements is correct?

  1. In the wood of dicots, ray tracheids are absent

  2. In the wood of gymnosperms, ray parenchyma is absent

  3. In most commercially important dicot woods, fibers are absent

  4. In the wood of all gymnosperms, vessels are absent
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gymnosperm wood is generally composed of tracheids and lacks vessels. Ray tracheids are often found in gymnosperms but are absent in most dicot woods.

Multiple choice biology classification of plants importance and classification of angiosperms plant adaptation adaptation in plants

Monocot root differs from dicot root in having

  1. No vascular bundles

  2. Well developed pith

  3. Radially arranged vascular bundles

  4. Open vascular bundles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In dicot root, well developed pith is absent. In monocot root, well developed pith is present. In dicot roots, open vascular bundles are present which are radially arranged. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology classification of plants importance and classification of angiosperms plant adaptation adaptation in plants

Both a dicot root and monocot root possess six vascular bundles. The two can be distinguished by.

  1. Presence of lysigenous cavity in monocot root

  2. Occurrence of more metaxylem vessels in dicot root

  3. Presence of exarch condition in monocot root

  4. Outline of vessels
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Dicot root and monocot root differ on the activity of pericycle, a number of vascular bundles and the presence of medulla. In both dicot root and monocot root, six vascular bundles are present, they distinguished by thickness of cell walls or outlines of vessels.

So, the correct option is ‘Outlines of vessels’.

Multiple choice biology classification of plants importance and classification of angiosperms plant adaptation adaptation in plants

Monocot root differs from dicot root in having.

  1. Open vascular bundles

  2. Scattered vascular bundles

  3. Well developed pith

  4. Radially arranged vascular bundles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Dicot root and monocot root differ on the activity of pericycle, the number of vascular bundles and the presence of medulla. In monocot root, the medulla is well developed, whereas, in dicot root, it is reduced, due to the extensions of xylem strands

So, the correct option is ‘Well developed pith’

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

The leaf in which the stomata remains confined to upper surface of the leaf is known as

  1. Amphistomatic

  2. Epistomatic

  3. Hypostomatic

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Amphistomatic: A leaf is said to be called as amphistomatic when the stomata are present on both the side of the leaf.

Hypostomatic: A leaf is said to be Hypostomatic when the stomata are present on the underside of the leaf.
Epistomatic: A leaf is said to be epistomatic where stomata are present on the adaxial surface only. Such type of leaf is found in aquatic plants where the leaves float on the surface of water, e.g. Nymphaea
Thus the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

A leaf having undivided lamina with an axillary bud in its axil is called

  1. Compound leaf

  2. Simple leaf

  3. Lamina leaf

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A simple leaf has a single leaf blade or lamina inserted into the petiole. It may have incisions but these incisions do not divide the blade into leaflets. It shows the presence of an axillary bud at its axil. For example mango. 

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

The leaf in which the stomata remains confined to lower surface of the leaf is known as

  1. Amphistomatic

  2. Hypostomatic

  3. Epistomatic

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Amphistomatic: A leaf is said to be called as amphistomatic when the stomata is present on both the side of leaf.

Hypostomatic: A leaf is said to be hypostomatic when the stomata is present on the underside of the leaf.
Epistomatic: A leaf is said to be epistomatous where stomata are present on the adaxial surface only. Such type of leaf is found in aquatic plants where the leaves float on the surface of water, e.g. Nymphaea
Thus the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

The leaf having stomata on both sides are known as 

  1. Amphistomatic

  2. Hypostomatic

  3. Epistomatic

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Amphistomatic: A leaf is said to be called as amphistomatic when the stomata are present on both the side of the leaf.

Hypostomatic: A leaf is said to be hypostomatic when the stomata are present on the underside of the leaf.
Epistomatic: A leaf is said to be epistomatic where stomata are present on the adaxial surface only. Such type of leaf is found in aquatic plants where the leaves float on the surface of water, e.g. Nymphaea. 
Thus the correct option is A.

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

In some plants like Nerium, stomata is present in a cavity known as 

  1. Trichomes

  2. Stomatal crypts

  3. Guard cell

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Stomata are the openings surrounded by the guard cells, present in the epidermis of the leaves. It helps in the gaseous exchange in plants. The position of guard cells varies in different plants on the basis of climate. They are found in cavities, called stomatal crypts in Nerium oleander (non-succulent xerophyte). They are sunken (lower the epidermis) in xerophytic plants to recuce the water loss. They are found in grooves in Ericales lined with epidermal hair. So, the correct answer is 'Stomatal crypts'.

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

The palisade tissue occurs on the ............ surface of the leaf.

  1. Adaxial

  2. Abaxial

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Palisade parenchyma is found immediately below the upper epidermis. It is 2 to 3 layered, with compactly arranged tubular cells, rich in parietal chloroplasts. The adaxial surface is the upper surface of a leaf. The abaxial surface is the lower surface of a leaf.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Adaxial'.