Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany importance and classification of angiosperms plant adaptation adaptation in plants uses of angiosperms classification of angiosperms

Which one of the following statements is correct?

  1. In the wood of dicots, ray tracheids are absent

  2. In the wood of gymnosperms, ray parenchyma is absent

  3. In most commercially important dicot woods, fibers are absent

  4. In the wood of all gymnosperms, vessels are absent
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gymnosperm wood is generally composed of tracheids and lacks vessels. Ray tracheids are often found in gymnosperms but are absent in most dicot woods.

Multiple choice biology classification of plants importance and classification of angiosperms plant adaptation adaptation in plants

Monocot root differs from dicot root in having

  1. No vascular bundles

  2. Well developed pith

  3. Radially arranged vascular bundles

  4. Open vascular bundles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In dicot root, well developed pith is absent. In monocot root, well developed pith is present. In dicot roots, open vascular bundles are present which are radially arranged. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology classification of plants importance and classification of angiosperms plant adaptation adaptation in plants

Both a dicot root and monocot root possess six vascular bundles. The two can be distinguished by.

  1. Presence of lysigenous cavity in monocot root

  2. Occurrence of more metaxylem vessels in dicot root

  3. Presence of exarch condition in monocot root

  4. Outline of vessels
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Dicot root and monocot root differ on the activity of pericycle, a number of vascular bundles and the presence of medulla. In both dicot root and monocot root, six vascular bundles are present, they distinguished by thickness of cell walls or outlines of vessels.

So, the correct option is ‘Outlines of vessels’.

Multiple choice biology classification of plants importance and classification of angiosperms plant adaptation adaptation in plants

Monocot root differs from dicot root in having.

  1. Open vascular bundles

  2. Scattered vascular bundles

  3. Well developed pith

  4. Radially arranged vascular bundles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Dicot root and monocot root differ on the activity of pericycle, the number of vascular bundles and the presence of medulla. In monocot root, the medulla is well developed, whereas, in dicot root, it is reduced, due to the extensions of xylem strands

So, the correct option is ‘Well developed pith’

Multiple choice oil, fibres, spices and medicine producing plants plant kingdom and the environment around us some important plants uses of plants as medicine

Which of the following is used in eye inflammation and for curing night blindness

  1. Atropa belladonna

  2. Cichorium intybus

  3. Eclipta alba

  4. Emilia sonchifolia

  5. Centipeda orbicularis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Emilia sonchifolia is a medicinal plant known for its use in treating eye inflammation and night blindness in traditional medicine.

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

In a plant, the following part performs photosynthesis 

  1. Leaves

  2. Stem

  3. Roots

  4. Root nodules
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The leaves of the plant possess the mesophyll tissue which contains the cellular organelle chloroplast. This organelle contains the chlorophyll pigments which are responsible for the absorption of light and conversion of this energy to synthesize food by the process of photosynthesis. 

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

The leaf in which the stomata remains confined to upper surface of the leaf is known as

  1. Amphistomatic

  2. Epistomatic

  3. Hypostomatic

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Amphistomatic: A leaf is said to be called as amphistomatic when the stomata are present on both the side of the leaf.

Hypostomatic: A leaf is said to be Hypostomatic when the stomata are present on the underside of the leaf.
Epistomatic: A leaf is said to be epistomatic where stomata are present on the adaxial surface only. Such type of leaf is found in aquatic plants where the leaves float on the surface of water, e.g. Nymphaea
Thus the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

A leaf having undivided lamina with an axillary bud in its axil is called

  1. Compound leaf

  2. Simple leaf

  3. Lamina leaf

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A simple leaf has a single leaf blade or lamina inserted into the petiole. It may have incisions but these incisions do not divide the blade into leaflets. It shows the presence of an axillary bud at its axil. For example mango. 

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

The leaf in which the stomata remains confined to lower surface of the leaf is known as

  1. Amphistomatic

  2. Hypostomatic

  3. Epistomatic

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Amphistomatic: A leaf is said to be called as amphistomatic when the stomata is present on both the side of leaf.

Hypostomatic: A leaf is said to be hypostomatic when the stomata is present on the underside of the leaf.
Epistomatic: A leaf is said to be epistomatous where stomata are present on the adaxial surface only. Such type of leaf is found in aquatic plants where the leaves float on the surface of water, e.g. Nymphaea
Thus the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

The leaf having stomata on both sides are known as 

  1. Amphistomatic

  2. Hypostomatic

  3. Epistomatic

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Amphistomatic: A leaf is said to be called as amphistomatic when the stomata are present on both the side of the leaf.

Hypostomatic: A leaf is said to be hypostomatic when the stomata are present on the underside of the leaf.
Epistomatic: A leaf is said to be epistomatic where stomata are present on the adaxial surface only. Such type of leaf is found in aquatic plants where the leaves float on the surface of water, e.g. Nymphaea. 
Thus the correct option is A.

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

In some plants like Nerium, stomata is present in a cavity known as 

  1. Trichomes

  2. Stomatal crypts

  3. Guard cell

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Stomata are the openings surrounded by the guard cells, present in the epidermis of the leaves. It helps in the gaseous exchange in plants. The position of guard cells varies in different plants on the basis of climate. They are found in cavities, called stomatal crypts in Nerium oleander (non-succulent xerophyte). They are sunken (lower the epidermis) in xerophytic plants to recuce the water loss. They are found in grooves in Ericales lined with epidermal hair. So, the correct answer is 'Stomatal crypts'.

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

The palisade tissue occurs on the ............ surface of the leaf.

  1. Adaxial

  2. Abaxial

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Palisade parenchyma is found immediately below the upper epidermis. It is 2 to 3 layered, with compactly arranged tubular cells, rich in parietal chloroplasts. The adaxial surface is the upper surface of a leaf. The abaxial surface is the lower surface of a leaf.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Adaxial'.

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

The air spaces in the leaf is created by 

  1. Chlorenchyma

  2. Aerenchyma

  3. Palisade parenchyma

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The spongy tissue that forms air spaces between the cells of leaves, stems and roots of some plants are called aerenchyma cells. It helps in the gaseous exchange between the shoot and the root and also provides buoyancy to the aquatic plants. So, the correct option is 'Aerenchyma'.
Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

Which of the following cells helps in the rolling of leaves in dry weather?

  1. Bulliform cells

  2. Guard cell

  3. Parenchyma cell

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Bulliform cells are found in the axial or upper surface of the epidermis of monocots. These are large, colourless, bubble-shaped (empty) cells found in clusters near the mid vein. In the presence of insufficient water, these cells loose water and become flaccid. In response to this condition, the leaf rolls inward (to expose the minimum part of the leaf) to minimise the water loss. So, the correct 'Bulliform cells'.