Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany flower taxonomic description of flower technical terms related to flowers basics of leaf and flower

A flower is said to be complete when it has

  1. One whorl

  2. Three whorls

  3. Two whorls

  4. Four whorls
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A bisexual flower is a flower that contains all the four whorls such as petals, sepals, the male reproductive structure (stamen) and female reproductive structure (pistil). Hence it is also called as a complete or perfect flower. Thus the correct answer is 'Four whorls'.

Multiple choice botany flower taxonomic description of flower technical terms related to flowers basics of leaf and flower

Bisexual flowers which never open, demonstrate

  1. Cleistogamy

  2. Allogamy

  3. Autogamy

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Some plants never open to ensure complete selfpollination. This condition is called cleistogamy e.g., Commelina bengalensis , Oxalis, Viola, etc. The cleistogamous flower are bisexual small, inconspicuous, colourless and do not secrete nectar.

Multiple choice botany flower taxonomic description of flower technical terms related to flowers basics of leaf and flower

Match the columns and find the correct option.

I II
(a) Pistils fuse together (i) Gametogenesis
(b) Formation of gametes (ii) Pistillate
(c) Hyphae of higher ascomycetes (iii) Syncarpous
(d) Unisexual female flower (iv) Dikaryotic

  1. a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii

  2. a-iv, b-iii, c-i, d-ii

  3. a-ii, b-i, c-iv, d-iii

  4. a-i, b-ii, c-iv, d-iii
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
•When the carpels or pistils get fused, they are known as syncarpous.
•Formation of gametes from the diploid cells through meiosis is called gametogenesis.
•Hyphae of higher ascomycetes are dikaryotic because when the hyphae of two opposite strains fuse, karyogamy doesn't occur immediately and a binucleate condition is produced having nuclei from two different strains.
•A unisexual flower that has only female reproductive part is called pistillate.
Hence, the correct match is:
a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii
So, the correct answer is A.
Multiple choice botany flower taxonomic description of flower technical terms related to flowers basics of leaf and flower

Which among the following statements are true for unisexual flowers?
(i) They possess both stamen and pistil.
(ii) They possess either stamen or pistil.
(iii) They exhibit cross pollination.
(iv) Unisexual flowers possessing only stamens cannot produce fruits.

  1. (i) and (iv)

  2. (ii), (iii) and (iv)

  3. (iii) and (iv)

  4. (i), (iii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In angiosperms flowers can be unisexual having either stamen or pistil; or bisexual having both stamen and pistil in same flower. In both the types of flowers, Pistil bears ovary. Fruit is ripened or matured ovary. After fertilisation ovary undergoes major changes and its wall also thickens to produce a fruit.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany flower taxonomic description of flower technical terms related to flowers basics of leaf and flower

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

  1. Hydrophilous flowers contain light and dry pollen grains

  2. In Commelina, seed setting is assured in absence of pollinating agents

  3. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth are regulated by chemical components of pollen interacting with those of the pistil

  4. Emasculation ensures cross-pollination in bisexual flowers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hydrophilous (water-pollinated) flowers typically have pollen grains that are protected by a mucilaginous covering to prevent wetting, not dry pollen grains. Therefore, statement A is incorrect.

Multiple choice botany flower taxonomic description of flower technical terms related to flowers basics of leaf and flower

When a flower can be cut in two equal portion from only one plane it is called?

  1. Actinomorphic

  2. Zygomorphic

  3. Symmetrical

  4. Bilateral
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Zygomorphic flowers that are bilaterally symmetrical so that they are able to be bisected into similar halves in only one plane, forming mirror images, e.g., Gladiolus flower.

Multiple choice botany flower taxonomic description of flower technical terms related to flowers basics of leaf and flower

Which among the following statements are true for unisexual flowers?
(a) They possess both stamen and pistil.
(b) They possess either stamen or pistil.
(c) They exhibit cross-pollination.
(d) Unisexual flowers possessing only stamens cannot produce fruits.

  1. (a) and (d)

  2. (b), (c) and (d)

  3. (c) and (d)

  4. (a), (c) and (d)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Unisexual flowers have either the male reproductive part (stamens) or female reproductive part (pistil) but never both.
As the flowers contain either the stamen or pistil, the fertilization can take place when the pollen from another flower or plant comes near the pistil. As there will be fusion of male and female gametes from different individuals of the same species, it results in cross-fertilization.
When the ovary (female reproductive part) ripens, it forms the fruit. So, when a plant contains only stamen, female reproductive part, it cannot produce a fruit.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B).

Multiple choice botany flower taxonomic description of flower technical terms related to flowers basics of leaf and flower

Tetradynamous stamens and cruciform corolla are characteristic features of

  1. Solanum tuberosum

  2. Abelmoschus esculentus

  3. Ochroma lagopus

  4. Brassica campestris
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Tetradynamous is a condition of androecium where six stamens are present of which four stamens are longer and are inserted in inner whorl and remaining two are smaller and are inserted in outer whorl. 
Cruciform corolla is a type of corolla containing four free petals arranged in the form of a cross. 
Solanum tuberosum flower contains five fused petals forming a infundibulum form corolla.
Abelmoschus esculentus and Ochroma lagopus belongs to family Malvaceae. Both contain five free petals. 
Brassica campestris flower possess four free petals forming a cruciform corolla (arranged in the form of a cross). 
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany flower taxonomic description of flower technical terms related to flowers basics of leaf and flower

There are two clusters, each with 3-9 flowers on a node in the axis of opposite leaf and each cluster has a condensed dichasial cyme ending in monochasial cyme and flowers have lever mechanism, it represents 

  1. Cyathium

  2. Coenanthium

  3. Verticillaster

  4. Hypanthodium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

There are two clusters each with 3-9 flowers on a node in the axis of opposite leaf and each cluster has a condensed dichasial cyme ending in monochasial cyme and flowers have lever mechanism, it represents Verticillaster. A cymose inflorescence arranged in pairs at the nodes, in the manner of a false whorl, is called a verticillaster. A reduced raceme or cyme that grows in the axis of a bract is called a fascicle. A verticillaster is a fascicle with the structure of a dichasium; it is common among the Laminaceae. Many verticillasters with reduced bracts can form a spicate (spike-like) inflorescence that is commonly called a spike.

Multiple choice botany flower taxonomic description of flower technical terms related to flowers basics of leaf and flower

Oblique ovary is found in

  1. Solanaceae

  2. Palmaceae

  3. Poaceae

  4. Liliaceae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Solanaceae is called the 'brinjal family'. It includes about 90 genera and 2000 species.
The gynoecium is bicarpellary, syncarpous, bilocular or tetralocular due to pseudoseptum many ovules on axile placentation. Ovary is superior, obliquely placed.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Solanaceae.

Multiple choice botany flower taxonomic description of flower technical terms related to flowers basics of leaf and flower

In cyathium the ratio between female to male flower is

  1. One: one

  2. One : Many

  3. Many : One

  4. Many : Many
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cyathium - Here, the inflorescence is highly reduced. It has a cup shaped receptacle formed by the fusion of five bracts. On the surface of this cup, generally a yellow colored nectar secreting gland is present. A single female flower arises from the center of the cup. It is highly reduced and is borne on a long stalk. The multiple male flowers are highly reduced and are produced in a scorpioid manner from the axil of each bract e.g. Euphorbia pulcherrima. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.