Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Formation of fruits without fertilization is known as
Or
Ovary $\overset{No   fertilization}{\rightarrow}$ Fruit 
Or
The process of embryo formation without fertilisation is known as

  1. Parthenocarpy

  2. Parthenogenesis

  3. Polyembryony

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parthenogenesis is a method of asexual reproduction with embryo formation without fertilization and parthenocarpy involves fruit formation without seed formation. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Formation of fruit without fertilization is

  1. Apogamy

  2. Apospory

  3. Syngenesis

  4. Parthenocarpy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A) Apogamy- In this process, a haploid cell of female gametophyte (except egg cell) is responsible to form diploid embryo without fertilization.

B) Apospory- Formation of gametophyte directly from a sporophyte without meiosis is called apospory.
C) Syngenesis- It is a type of reproduction in which male and female take part. Male plant contributes spermatozoa and female plant contribute ovum thus the resultant embryo is derived from both the parents. 
D) Parthenocarpy- Parthenocarpy is natural or artifical development of seedless fruit without ferilization of ovules. Eg: Pineapple, orange, cucumber.
So, the correct answer is 'Parthenocarpy'.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Parthenogenesis is formation of

  1. Embryo without fertilization

  2. Embryo from pollen sac

  3. Sporophytic plantlet from gametophyte

  4. Fruit without fertilization
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Parthenogenesis is the development of an embryo from an unfertilised egg or if a spermatozoon does penetrate the egg, there is no union of male and female pronuclei. It is a mode of asexual reproduction. On the basis of division, it is of two types apomictic parthenogenesis and automictic parthenogenesis.
In apomictic parthenogenesis, the mature egg cells are produced by mitotic divisions, and these cells directly develop into embryos. The offsprings produced are full clones of the mother.
In automictic parthenogenesis, the mother cell undergoes meiosis and produces haploid offspring which are the half clone of the mother cell.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Development of seedless fruit in an unfertilized flower is called

  1. Parthenocarpy

  2. Sporophytic budding

  3. Polyembryony

  4. Micropropagation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

After pollination and fertilization, plants produce seed and fruits. The process of formation of fruit without fertilization is called as parthenocarpy.

So the correct option is 'Parthenocarpy'.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

A dandelion produces seeds without meiosis or fertilisation. The adult sporophyte forms diploid, rather than haploid, megaspores that develop into ovules containing diploid, rather than haploid nuclei. One of the nuclei in each ovule becomes an egg and develops directly, without fertilisation, into an embryo that is genetically identical to its parent. This type of reproduction is called ____________________.

  1. Parthenogenesis, which is a form of apomixis

  2. Parthenogenesis, which is a form of amphimixis

  3. Adventive embryony, which is a form of apomixis

  4. Agamosphermy, which is a form of amphimixis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Apomixis (Gk. apo-without, mixis-mixing) is a mode of reproduction which does not involve the formation of zygote through gametic fusion. Apomixis is thus asexual reproduction. Parthenogenesis (Gk. parthenos - virgin, genesis - produce) refers to the development of an egg/ovum into a complete individual without fertilisation.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Development of new individual from female gamete without fertilisation is termed as

  1. Syngamy

  2. Embryogenesis

  3. Oogamy

  4. Parthenogenesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Development of an egg (ovum) into a complete individual without fertilisation is known as parthenogenesis. It is observed in many invertebrates (rotifers, arthropods), insects (bees, wasps) and some birds, etc.

So, the correct answer is 'Parthenogenesis'.

Multiple choice biology protectors of biosphere structure of chloroplast plastids photosynthetic pigments

In Ulothrix, the shape of chloroplast is

  1. Star-shaped

  2. Cup-shaped

  3. Girdle-shaped

  4. Diffused type
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Ulothrix is a genus of filamentous green algae which are found in marine and fresh waters habitats.
  • They have a single girdle-shaped or band-shaped chloroplast near the peripheral region of the cytoplasm (near the cell wall).
  • So, the correct answer is 'Girdle-shaped'.
Multiple choice biology protectors of biosphere structure of chloroplast plastids photosynthetic pigments

Shape of chloroplast in higher plant is

  1. Discoid

  2. Girdle-shaped

  3. Reticulate

  4. Cup-shaped
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • The chloroplast is a discoid plastid which contains chlorophyll (green pigment) within the thylakoid membranes of the organelle.
  • This organelle is present in the green parts of plants where photosynthesis takes place.
  • It is the main site of synthesis of glucose by the process called photosynthesis.
  • The chlorophyll pigment captures the sunlight and converts it into chemical energy and thus, helps in the process of photosynthesis.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Discoid'.
Multiple choice botany through the alimentary canal nutrition and its types types of nutrition in plants different modes of nutrition in plants

The special root-like structure of plant parasites in cuscuta and viscum are called 

  1. Rhizoids

  2. Hasutoria

  3. Hyphae

  4. Stolons
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The correct spelling is 'Haustoria' - these are specialized root-like structures parasitic plants like Cuscuta (dodder) and Viscum (mistletoe) use to penetrate host tissues and extract nutrients. Rhizoids are in primitive plants, hyphae are fungal threads, and stolons are running stems.

Multiple choice biology plant kingdom and the environment around us some important plants uses of plants as medicine medicinal plants

Flowers of Safflower yield

  1. Bluish dye

  2. Reddish dye

  3. Yellowish dye

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The flowers of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) are occasionally used in cooking as a cheaper substitute for saffron. It is sometimes referred to as bastard saffron. The dried safflower petals are also used as a herbal tea variety. Dried safflowers are also used as a natural dye source for orange-red pigment carthamin (natural red pigment). It is also known as Carthamus red or natural red. So, the correct answer is 'Reddish dye'.

Multiple choice biology plant kingdom and the environment around us some important plants uses of plants as medicine medicinal plants

Part of Aloe which is medicinally important is

  1. Stem

  2. Root

  3. Flower

  4. Leaves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Aloe vera is an evergreen perennial plant belonging to the family Asphodelaceae. It originates from Arabian Peninsula but grown wildly in tropical climates around the world. It is widely cultivated for agricultural and medicinal purposes. The leaves of Aloe are fleshy which are used for medicinal purposes in the treatment of skin.

So, the correct answer is 'Leaves'.