Botany and Plant Science

The correct spelling is 'Haustoria' - these are specialized root-like structures parasitic plants like Cuscuta (dodder) and Viscum (mistletoe) use to penetrate host tissues and extract nutrients. Rhizoids are in primitive plants, hyphae are fungal threads, and stolons are running stems.

The flowers of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) are occasionally used in cooking as a cheaper substitute for saffron. It is sometimes referred to as bastard saffron. The dried safflower petals are also used as a herbal tea variety. Dried safflowers are also used as a natural dye source for orange-red pigment carthamin (natural red pigment). It is also known as Carthamus red or natural red. So, the correct answer is 'Reddish dye'.

Aloe vera is an evergreen perennial plant belonging to the family Asphodelaceae. It originates from Arabian Peninsula but grown wildly in tropical climates around the world. It is widely cultivated for agricultural and medicinal purposes. The leaves of Aloe are fleshy which are used for medicinal purposes in the treatment of skin.

Reserpine is an alkaloid obtained from roots of Rauwolfia serpentina, (sarpgandha) family Apocynaceae. Rauwolfia serpentina contains a number of bioactive chemicals, including reserpine, ajmaline, deserpidine, rescinnamine, serpentinine. It was used for millennia to treat insect stings and the bites of venomous reptiles. Reserpine was used as an attempt to treat high blood pressure and mental disorders, including schizophrenia.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Arbor vitae is known as tree of life. Arbor vitae is a branching tree like arrangement of grey and white matter visible in the cross sectional area of cerebellar hemispheres.

Dischidia is a sessile pitcher plant similar to nepenthes & sarracenia. It differs from nepenthes and sarracenia because it's pitcher is not having lids and the absence of insect trapping as it is a myrmecophilic plant and an epiphyte.

Dicotyledonous plants characterized by their butterfly-shaped flowers, composed of a top petal, the standard, followed by two opposing petals on the sides, the wings, followed by a bottom petal, the keel, in which the reproductive organs are situated is known as papilionaceae family. This family is also called as legumes.

Diclinous flowers are flowers which have stamens and pistils on separate flowers, it could be on the same plant or different. The plant could be monoecious or dioecious but the male and female reproductive parts are not present on the same flower. Carica, Morus, and Trichosanthes, all are diclinous. So, the correct answer is option D.

When both sexes are absent from a flower or are non-functional , the flower is said to be  neuter. Neuter flowers have undeveloped or nonfunctional sexual organs. They have pistils and stamens that are nonfunctional or absent. The flowers are androgynous and the plants reproduce  asexually. Ray florets of sunflower are neuter flowers, disc florets are bisexual, also in some more Asteraceae, e.g. Centaurea.

Centripetally arranged sessile flowers on a flattened convex axis are found in Helianthus. The genus is one of many in the Asteraceae that are known as sunflowers. It is distinguished technically by the fact that the ray  flowers, when present, are sterile, and by the presence on the disk flowers of a pappus that is of two awn-like scales that are cauducous. They bear one or several to many wide, terminal capitula (flower heads), with bright yellow ray florets at the outside and yellow or maroon disc florets inside. Several ornamental cultivars have red-colored ray florets. 

A cyclic flower which can be divided into two equal vertical halves by any vertical plane is said to be actinomorphic. Here, petals are in radial symmetry i.e. all the petals are identical in size and shape. The bilaterally symmetrical flowers which are symmetrical in only one plane and can be cut into two equal halves through single vertical pane only are said to be irregular or zygomorphic. Zygomorphic flowers have bilateral symmetry. A flower that can be cut into two equal halves by at least one plane is symmetric flower; it may be bilaterally or radially symmetrical.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

A dioecious or unisexual flower bears either male or female sex organs. The plant could be either male or female. When only stamens are present, it is called as staminate flower. When only carpels are present, it is called as pistillate flower. e.g., Papaya and Mulberry.
So, the correct answer is 'Both (C) and (E)

In unisexual flower, androecium (staminate flower) or gynoecium (pistillate flower) any one of them are present in the flower. Cocus nucifera (coconut) flower has either stamens or pistils. 

 Zea mays has diclinous flowers on the same plant. Diclinous flowers are flowers which have stamens and pistils on seperate flowers, it could be on the same plant or different. The plant could be monoecious or dioecious but the male and female reproductive parts are not present on the same flower. Female inflorescences in Zea mays, are tightly enveloped by several layers of ear leaves commonly called husks. Certain varieties of maize have been bred to produce many additional developed ears. The apex of the stem ends in the tassel, an inflorescence of male flowers. When the tassel is mature and conditions are suitably warm and dry, anthers on the tassel dehisce and release pollen. Maize pollen is anemophilous (dispersed by wind) and because of its large settling velocity, most pollen falls within a few meters of the tassel.