Botany and Plant Science

Solanaceae is called the 'brinjal family'. It includes about 90 genera and 2000 species.
The gynoecium is bicarpellary, syncarpous, bilocular or tetralocular due to pseudoseptum many ovules on axile placentation. Ovary is superior, obliquely placed.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Solanaceae.

Cyathium - Here, the inflorescence is highly reduced. It has a cup shaped receptacle formed by the fusion of five bracts. On the surface of this cup, generally a yellow colored nectar secreting gland is present. A single female flower arises from the center of the cup. It is highly reduced and is borne on a long stalk. The multiple male flowers are highly reduced and are produced in a scorpioid manner from the axil of each bract e.g. Euphorbia pulcherrima. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

The stalk of the flower is called pedicel. The flowers that have pedicel are called pedicellate. Pedicel attaches the flower to the inflorescence.

A. Pedicellate is the term used for those flowers that have pedicel.

B. Petiolate is the term used for those leaves that have stalk called petiole.

C. The term sessile indicates an absence of any stalk. Both the flowers and the leaves can be sessile.

D. The subsessile condition arises when there is very short stalk.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Pedicellate'

There are four whorls in a flower namely, calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium. When a flower has all these four whorls, it is called complete. When any of these are missing, flower is called incomplete.

There are different terms used to describe flowers on the basis of presence and absence of the floral parts or the whorls. A flower that has both the sexual organs, that is both male reproductive parts (androecium) and female reproductive parts (gynoecium) is called a perfect flower.

The filaments are united in several groups. Example: Bombax - polyadelphous.

Wolffia microscopica makes the smallest flowers in the Angiospermae. The flower has a single pistil and stamen. The fruit is also smallest, called utricle. Wolffia microscopica belongs to the family Lemnaceae.

Pistillate flower refers to that imperfect or unisexual flower which does not have the male reproductive organ called the stamen. The stamens are collectively called the androecium. So, a pistillate flower will only show the gynoecium (the female reproductive whorl) and not the androecium. Similarly, a staminate flower will only show the androecium (male reproductive whorl) and not the gynoecium. Hence, the correct answer is 'Androecium'

Florets are the small-sized sessile flowers that collectively form a composite flower in case of the family Asteraceae. Such a flower is called head or capitulum. They are sessile because of the absence of a pedicel.

The individual flowers in an inflorescence are attached by means of pedicel. Such flowers are called pedicellate. When the pedicel is absent, the flowers are called sessile.

The flowers can be defined on the basis of presence and absence of the sepals and petals. When both the sepals and petals are present, the flower is called dichlamydeous.

Adhesion in a flower occurs when the dissimilar floral parts unite with each other. For example, stamens can unite with petals to form epipetalous flowers, stamens can unite with perianth lobes to form epiphyllous flowers, stigma, style and stamens can unite to form gynostegium etc.

Flower with both the sex organs is called an intersexual, bisexual, hermaphrodite or perfect flower.

The flowers of Bougainvillea appear bright pink due to their bracts. This is called homochlamydeous condition when the calyx and corolla cannot be differentiated. These coloured bracts are called petaloid bracts.

A flower is characterised by the calyx and corolla as the non-essential whorls because these are not directly involved in the formation of gametes and fertilization. When these are absent, the flower is called achlamydeous. For example, flowers of willow.