Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice biology reproduction in higher plants growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

In an angiospermic plant, endosperm is formed due to fertilization of secondary nucleus but it is absent in some of the seeds viz. pea, bean, phaseolus (moong) etc. It is due to lack of 

  1. Certain enzymes

  2. Dicotyledonous hormone

  3. Growth hormone

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In almost all angiosperms, double fertilisation takes place where a triploid endosperm is formed. In a few cases, it is non - endospermous where the entire endosperm is consumed during the development of embryo.

Multiple choice biology reproduction in higher plants growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

Endosperm of angiosperms results after fertilization from ................

  1. Antipodal cells

  2. Zygote

  3. Synergids

  4. Secondary nucleus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Endosperm of angiosperm results when the secondary nuclei which is diploid fuses with the second sperm entering the apparatus, which is haploid in nature.

Multiple choice biology reproduction in higher plants growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

After fertilization ovary changes into

  1. Seed

  2. Flower

  3. Fruit

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
After the embryo formation, the female part and the ovule starts converting to protect the seed and ovary is the part which converts into fruit in which seed is kept in angiosperms.
So the correct option is 'Fruit'
Multiple choice biology reproduction in higher plants growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

Which of the following structure forms fruit?

  1. Leaf

  2. Flower

  3. Root

  4. Ovary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. Fruits are produced only by flowering plants (angiosperms). Following pollination of the flower, the fertilized ovules develop into seeds while the surrounding ovary wall forms the fruit tissue or pericarp.
So, the answer is D.
Multiple choice biology reproduction in higher plants growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

The structure which can show the effect of traits brought by the male gamete immediately after its formation is

  1. Embryo

  2. Cotyledons

  3. Endosperm

  4. Plumule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Endosperm nourishes the developing embryo. It is formed by the fusion of male gamete with the diploid secondary nucleus that results in the formation of a triploid primary endosperm mother cell. In double fertilization, one male gamete fuses with the egg cell to form the zygote and the other male gamete fuses with the diploid secondary nucleus to form the endosperm. It is formed immediately after fertilization because it has to nourish the developing embryo. So, the correct answer is C.
Multiple choice biology reproduction in higher plants growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

In angiosperms, triple fusion produces

  1. Polar nucleus

  2. Secondary nucleus

  3. Primary endospermic nucleus

  4. Zygotic nucleus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Double fertilization process is observed in angiosperms in which syngamy takes place in the beginning. After syngamy the pollen tubes releases two male gametes, one fuses with the nucleus of egg cell and the other with the central cell and forms primary endosperm nucleus (PEN). The process is called as triple fusion as endosperm is triploid in nature.

So, the correct option is 'Primary endospermic nucleus'.

Multiple choice biology reproduction in higher plants growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

Endosperm of flowering plants develops from

  1. Haploid nucleus

  2. Diploid nucleus

  3. Triploid nucleus

  4. Tetraploid nucleus

  5. Polyploid nucleus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Flowering plants are Angiosperms. Angiosperms have a unique phenomenon of "Double Fertilisation" in which, after the release of two male gametes inside the embryo sac by the pollen tube, one male gamete i.e. the first male gamete which is too near to egg fuses with egg nucleus and this phenomenon is known as fertilisation or syngamy. During syngamy, a zygote is formed. The other male gamete i.e. the second male gamete migrates towards the secondary nucleus (formed from the fusion of two polar nuclei) and fuses with it. This phenomenon is known as triple fusion and results in the formation of a triploid primary endosperm mother cell which forms triploid endosperm. Thus, Endosperm is formed from a triploid nucleus.
So, the correct answer is C.
Multiple choice biology reproduction in higher plants growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

A fruit is a

  1. Ripened ovary

  2. Ripened ovule

  3. Seed plus its integuments

  4. Fused carpel
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Fruit is a seed-bearing structure in flowering plants formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which angiosperms disseminate seeds.  A fruit results from maturation of one or more flowers, and the gynoecium of the flower forms all or part of the fruit. The outer, often edible layer, is the pericarp, formed from the ovary and surrounding the seeds, although in some species other tissues contribute to or from the edible portion. The pericarp may be described in three layers from outer to inner, the epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. 

So the correct option is 'ripened ovary'.

Multiple choice biology reproduction in higher plants growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

The ovary of a flower grows into a fruit.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Fruit is a ripened ovary of the plant which also bears certain accessory structures in it. It is a part of the plant that develops from the fertilized ovary. Ovules in the ovary develop into seed. The ovary is the part of the female reproductive structure of the flower, the pistil. Ovary bears ovules inside it.

So, the correct answer is 'True'.
Multiple choice biology reproduction in higher plants growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

Upon fertilization while ovule develops into seed. Which structure develop from a carpel?

  1. Testa

  2. Tegmen

  3. Pericarp

  4. Perisperm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Upon fertilization while ovule develops into seed. Pericarp develops from carpel. The pericarp is typically made up of three distinct layers, the epicarp, which is the outermost layer, the mesocarp, which is the middle layer and the endocarp, which is the inner layer surrounding the ovary or the seeds. In a citrus fruit, the epicarp and mesocarp make up the peel.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology reproduction in higher plants growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

The structure meant for the nourishment of developing embryo in case of plants is 

  1. Pollen tube

  2. Endosperm

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Endosperm is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most flowering plants around the time of fertilization. It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also contain oils and protein.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B), 'Endosperm'.