Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants introduction to flower pre fertilization - plants modes of reproduction

Development of female gametophyte directly from megaspore mother cell without meiosis is called.

  1. Apogamy

  2. Apospory

  3. Syngamy

  4. Parthenospore
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Apospory is the development of a gametophyte directly from the sporophyte tissue (like the megaspore mother cell) without meiosis, resulting in a diploid gametophyte.

Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants introduction to flower pre fertilization - plants modes of reproduction

Read the given statements.


(i) The outer exine is made up of sporopollenin.
(ii) Inner intine is pecto-cellulosic in nature.
(iii) Generative cell is bigger and contains abundant food reserve.
(iv) Vegetative cell is small and floats in the cytoplasm of the generative cell.

Which of the given statements are not true regarding the structure of pollen grain?

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (ii) and (iii)

  3. (iii) and (iv)

  4. (i) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In a mature pollen grain, the generative cell is smaller and the tube(or vegetative) cell is larger. In the later stages of development of pollen grain, callose dissolves and the naked generative cell comes to lie freely in the cytoplasm of the tube cell. The tube cell has a cytoplasm that is rich in the food reserve (starch, protein, fat with mostly unsaturated fatty acids).

Multiple choice botany the life cycle of plants parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis asexual reproduction

Parthenocarp is a fruit

  1. Formed from superior ovary

  2. Formed from inferior ovary

  3. Consisting of ripened ovary and thalamus

  4. Which does not possess seeds
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
When ovules are not fertilised during pollination, it leads to their degeneration. If in this case a fruit is formed it will not have any seeds and will be called parthenocarp or the virgin fruit meaning that it was developed without fertlisation.
So, the correct answer is 'Which does not possess seeds'.
Multiple choice botany the life cycle of plants parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis asexual reproduction

The male cone of Pinus is formed of

  1. Anthers

  2. Megasporophylls

  3. Ligules

  4. Microsporophylls
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The male cones are borne in a cluster on a branch of unlimited growth behind the apical bud, in the axil of a scale leaf. A cone consists of a central axis bearing 60- 135 microsporophylls in spiral manner. It is therefore, comparable female flower of angiosperm.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Seedless fruit in banana is produced by

  1. Parthenogenesis

  2. Triploidy

  3. Cross pollination

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Seedless fruits are produced by bypassing fertilisation of ovule by the pollen. In such cases the ovule degenerates and seeds are not formed. The same process is carried out in banana to produce seedless fruits and it is called parthenogenesis. The fruits of such trees are harvested and the species propagation is artifically carried out a means of asexual reproduction known as cutting. The correct answer is 'Parthenogenesis'.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Formation of fruits without fertilization is known as
Or
Ovary $\overset{No   fertilization}{\rightarrow}$ Fruit 
Or
The process of embryo formation without fertilisation is known as

  1. Parthenocarpy

  2. Parthenogenesis

  3. Polyembryony

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parthenogenesis is a method of asexual reproduction with embryo formation without fertilization and parthenocarpy involves fruit formation without seed formation. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Formation of fruit without fertilization is

  1. Apogamy

  2. Apospory

  3. Syngenesis

  4. Parthenocarpy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A) Apogamy- In this process, a haploid cell of female gametophyte (except egg cell) is responsible to form diploid embryo without fertilization.

B) Apospory- Formation of gametophyte directly from a sporophyte without meiosis is called apospory.
C) Syngenesis- It is a type of reproduction in which male and female take part. Male plant contributes spermatozoa and female plant contribute ovum thus the resultant embryo is derived from both the parents. 
D) Parthenocarpy- Parthenocarpy is natural or artifical development of seedless fruit without ferilization of ovules. Eg: Pineapple, orange, cucumber.
So, the correct answer is 'Parthenocarpy'.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Parthenogenesis is formation of

  1. Embryo without fertilization

  2. Embryo from pollen sac

  3. Sporophytic plantlet from gametophyte

  4. Fruit without fertilization
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Parthenogenesis is the development of an embryo from an unfertilised egg or if a spermatozoon does penetrate the egg, there is no union of male and female pronuclei. It is a mode of asexual reproduction. On the basis of division, it is of two types apomictic parthenogenesis and automictic parthenogenesis.
In apomictic parthenogenesis, the mature egg cells are produced by mitotic divisions, and these cells directly develop into embryos. The offsprings produced are full clones of the mother.
In automictic parthenogenesis, the mother cell undergoes meiosis and produces haploid offspring which are the half clone of the mother cell.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Development of seedless fruit in an unfertilized flower is called

  1. Parthenocarpy

  2. Sporophytic budding

  3. Polyembryony

  4. Micropropagation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

After pollination and fertilization, plants produce seed and fruits. The process of formation of fruit without fertilization is called as parthenocarpy.

So the correct option is 'Parthenocarpy'.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

A dandelion produces seeds without meiosis or fertilisation. The adult sporophyte forms diploid, rather than haploid, megaspores that develop into ovules containing diploid, rather than haploid nuclei. One of the nuclei in each ovule becomes an egg and develops directly, without fertilisation, into an embryo that is genetically identical to its parent. This type of reproduction is called ____________________.

  1. Parthenogenesis, which is a form of apomixis

  2. Parthenogenesis, which is a form of amphimixis

  3. Adventive embryony, which is a form of apomixis

  4. Agamosphermy, which is a form of amphimixis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Apomixis (Gk. apo-without, mixis-mixing) is a mode of reproduction which does not involve the formation of zygote through gametic fusion. Apomixis is thus asexual reproduction. Parthenogenesis (Gk. parthenos - virgin, genesis - produce) refers to the development of an egg/ovum into a complete individual without fertilisation.

Multiple choice zoology reproduction in organisms parthenocarpic fruits parthenogenesis the life cycle of plants

Development of new individual from female gamete without fertilisation is termed as

  1. Syngamy

  2. Embryogenesis

  3. Oogamy

  4. Parthenogenesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Development of an egg (ovum) into a complete individual without fertilisation is known as parthenogenesis. It is observed in many invertebrates (rotifers, arthropods), insects (bees, wasps) and some birds, etc.

So, the correct answer is 'Parthenogenesis'.