Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

Identify the plant, if veins are appearing parallel on leaves.

  1. The plant is a dicot

  2. The plant is a monocot

  3. The plant is a gymnosperm

  4. The plant is an angiosperm

  5. The plant is a bryophyte
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

If the veins on the the leaf run parallel to each other throughout the leaf, it is known as parallel venation. It is a feature of monocotyledonous plant. This type of veins are found in grasses.

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

Ground tissue gives rise to

  1. Cuticle

  2. Epidermis

  3. Mesophyll

  4. Phloem

  5. Xylem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ground tissue system comprises of simple permanent tissues like parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma. In leaves, the ground tissue consists of thin-walled chloroplast containing cells known as palisade mesophyll cells. 

So, the correct answer is 'Mesophyll cells'.

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

Monocot leaf can be distinguished from the dicot

  1. Stomata is equally distributed on both lower and upper epidermis

  2. Palisade cells on both upper and lower sides

  3. Several veins of nearly uniform size

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
 Monocot leaf  Dicot leaf
 (i) The monocot leaf is of isobilateral symmetry.  The dicot leaf is of dorsiventral  symmetry.
 (ii) The bullifom cells are present on the upper epidermis.   The bulliform cells are absent.
 (iii) Stomata are equally distributed on both surfaces.   Stomata are present more in lower  surface and few on upper surface.
 (iv) In mesophyll cells, only spongy parenchyma is present with small intercellular spaces.  Mesophyll cells are made up of  palisade parenchyma and spongy  parenchyma with large intercellular  spaces.
 (v) Bundle sheath is made up of parenchyma and just above and below sclerenchymatous cells are found.  Bundle sheath is made up of  parenchyma and just above and below  the parenchymatous or  collenchymatous cells are found.
Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

Presence of sheathing leaf base and ligule are characteristic of

  1. Cycas leaf

  2. Fern leaf

  3. Banana leaf

  4. Grass leaf
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A ligule is an outgrowth present at the junction of leaf sheath and lamina in grass leaf. It occurs at the end of petiole at the leaf base. It is a strap-shaped extension of the corolla. It is a membranous appendages. Grass leaf also has sheathing leaf base. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Grass leaf.'

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

Largest number of chloroplasts in the leaf is in.

  1. Spongy tissue

  2. Palisade tissue

  3. Guard cells

  4. Bundle sheath
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A. Spongy tissue – parenchyma with less number of chloroplast.

B. Palisade tissue – parenchyma with more number of chloroplast.

C. Guard tissue – modified epidermal cells with chloroplast, present in the stomata.

D. Bundle sheath – Thick walled parenchymatous sheath present around the vascular bundles in leaves.

So, the correct option is ‘Palisade tissue’.

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

Petiole part of the leaf is also known as

  1. Epipodium

  2. Mesopodium

  3. Hypopodium

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The foliage leaf consists of three parts, namely leaf base, petiole and lamina. The leaf base is also called as hypopodium. The petiole part of the leaf is also called as mesopodium. The lamina part of the leaf is called as epipodium.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Mesopodium.'

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

Leaf base is sheathing in

  1. Wheat

  2. Maize

  3. Grass

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In grasses and many monocots, the leaf base (petiole) is broad and surrounds the stem as an envelope. Such a leaf base is known as sheathing leaf base. In grasses such as wheat, maize and grass, the sheathing leaf base protects the intercalary meristem. Hence, the plants belonging to family Poaceae have sheathing leaf base.

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

Plastochron is

  1. Period between two successive leaf primordia

  2. Distance between two successive leaf primordia

  3. Region of origin of root branch

  4. Region of origin of stem branch
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Plastochron is the time interval between the two successive events during the growth of plants.
  • As in the case, when the shoot tip of a plant grows new leaves are produced at regular time intervals.
  • This time interval between the beginning of leaf growth at 2 consecutive nodes in a growing shoot apex by keeping the temperature constant is called Plastochron.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Period between two successive leaf primordia'
Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

Period between initiation of two successive leaves or nodes is

  1. Plastochron

  2. Diurnal cyclicity

  3. Internode

  4. Allelopathy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • When the shoot tip of a plant grows new leaves which are produced at regular time intervals.
  • This time interval between the beginning leaf growth at 2 consecutive nodes in a growing shoot apex by keeping the temperature constant is called plastochron.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Plastochron'
Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

  1. In Capparis, aphylla, stipules become modified into spines

  2. In Nerium, sunken stomata are present on both upper and lower epidermis and lower epidermis

  3. In Asparagus roots store water

  4. In the needle of Pinus roxburghii, sclerenchymatous hypodermis is present
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

Protruded part of meristem flank bearing leaf primordium is called ________.

  1. Leaf base

  2. Leaf buttress

  3. Node

  4. Plastochron
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • A leaf base is also known as hyphopodium, it is the lowermost part of the leaf which is slightly expanded region where the leaf get attached to the stem.
  • It is indistinct in most of the plants which act as a cushion for the leaves.
  • The vegetative shoot apex consists of two regions i.e, summit and flank.
  1. Summit-  The rate of division is slow and it is located at the apex.
  2. Flank- The rate of division is very fast and it lies behind the summit.
    • Leaf primordium is formed on the flanks by the flank meristem.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Leaf base'
    Multiple choice botany leaf - external morphology morphology of leaf structure of a leaf the leaf

    In which plant palisade tissue is present on both sides of leaves?

    1. Nerium

    2. Eucalyptus

    3. Both A and B

    4. None of the above
    Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
    C Correct answer
    Explanation
    Leaves capable of being divided into symmetrical halves along two different planes is called as isobillateral.
    Eucalyptus and Nerium oleander are both isobilateral. So, they have palisade on both sides and the leaves.