Botany and Plant Science

Tendrils is a modification in cucumber that helps the plant to climb higher and higher. These are skinny, wire-like structures along the plants stem. It also helps in grasping in cucumber. These tendrils are the modification of axillary buds located at the axial part of the leaf.

The current system of International code of botanical nomenclature (ICBN) was adapted to assign the scientific name to plants. It was adapted in 1978 after the twelfth International Botanical Congress held in 1975 to follow the rules for naming the plants. The fifth International Botanical Congress was also held in 1930, at Cambridge (England). So, the correct option is C.

ICBN (International Code of Botanical Nomenclature) was adopted in the year 1961. It is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the classification and botanical names that are given to plants. The nomenclature is universal and according to the system of binomial nomenclature.

Grafting is not successful is monocots but is successful in dicots because monocots lack cambium tissue which forms secondary growth. The cambium possesses the ability to form secondary xylem and phloem. It is present in dicots. In case of grafting, it is very important that the plant should form primary and secondary tissue for its survival. So, it take place only in dicots.

Plant metabolism involves the complex of physical and chemical events of photosynthesis, respiration, and the synthesis and degradation of organic compounds. These processes are seen to occur in the aerial parts of the plant. So, the correct option is 'Aerial'.

The stem part of the plant used in grafting is called as the stock.

Grafting is a type of artificial vegetative propagation in plants. In grafting, a shoot of one plant (scion) is attached to shoot of another plant (stalk). The scion and shoot join to each other with the help of vascular cambium.

Grafting is a method in which two or more plant parts are joined such that they grow as a single plant. The upper plant part which is grafted onto the stump of another plant is called the scion. The lower part of plant on which scion is grafted is called as rootstock. Bulbil is a bulb-like structure present on the axil of a leaf. It is involved in vegetative propagation.

Grafting is a technique whereby tissues from one plant are inserted into those of another so that the two sets of vascular tissues may join together.
The plant that is selected for its roots is called the stock while the other plant, selected for its stems, leaves, flowers or fruits is called the scion
Thus, the correct answer is option (B), 'Scion'.

In Passiflora, the tendrils are modified axillary buds that help the plant climb.

In leaf and stem cuttings, the explant is taken from the apical portion of leaf or stem as it has a meristematic cell which has active nucleus and cytoplasm. The meristematic cell divides rapidly when cultured on nutrient media and provides virus-free plant. When the apical portion of the leaf or stem culture is sown, it is sown vertically with morphological apical end upwards to ensure maximum growth by keeping the meristematic cell at the top.

The development of roots on a stem while the stem is still attached to the parent plant is called layering. The heavy and closely branched stems of trees like fruit producing trees can be layered by the method of mound layering. The plants are cut near the soil level when they are not growing. Dormant buds on stem produce new shoots in spring. The new shoots are soft basal branches of the stem. When these shoots are covered with mound of soil they grow roots at the bases of shoots.

Grafting is a horticulture technique where the living detached portion of the plant is used to regenerate the growth. One plant is selected for its roots and this is called the stock or rootstock. The other plant is selected for its stems, leaves, flowers, or fruits and is called the scion. The joining of scion and stalk is known as inosculation.