Biology

Antibiotics and Immunity

974 Questions

Prepare for your science sections with these questions on antibiotics and immunity. The hub covers various classes of antibiotics, their sources, and mechanisms of microbial resistance. It also addresses the human antiviral response.

Antibiotic classes and sourcesMicrobial resistance mechanismsAntiviral proteinsDisease treatments

Antibiotics and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

The molecular structure of penicillin antibiotic is

  1. Macrocyclic lactone

  2. Glycoside linkage in amino sugar
  3. $\beta$-lactam ring

  4. Polyaena and nonpolyaene
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Penicillin is obtained from Penicillium chrysogenum. Penicillin is a secondary metabolite of certain species of Penicillium and is produced when the growth of the fungus is inhibited by stress. Its structure contains β- lactam ring with a molecular structure of 339.4 g/mol. It was discovered by Alexander Fleming.

So, the correct answer is 'β- lactam ring'

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

Which of the following antibiotics kills bacterial cells by inhibiting the polymerisation of peptidoglycans?

  1. Aminoglycoside

  2. Fluoroquinolones

  3. Quinine

  4. Penicillin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Penicillin is a secondary metabolite of certain species of Penicillium and is produced when the growth of the fungus is inhibited by stress. It is not produced during active growth. Production is also limited by feedback in the synthesis pathway of penicillin. It was discovered by Alexander Fleming.

So, the correct option is 'Penicillin.

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

Microorganisms are our friends and foes. Some of them are useful for us while some of them are harmful. From the given list sort out useful and harmful actions of microorganisms.
Production of antibiotics, food spoiling, curd preparation, vaccine production, citrus canker.

  1. Useful: Curd preparation, citrus canker, production of antibioticsHarmful: Food spoiling, vaccine production

  2. Useful: Production of antibiotics, curd preparation, vaccine productionHarmful: Food spoiling, citrus canker

  3. Useful: Citrus canker, vaccine production, curd preparationHarmful: Food spoiling, production of antibiotics

  4. Useful: Vaccine production, curd preparationHarmful: Food spoiling, citrus canker, production of antibiotics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
An antibiotic is a chemical substance that inhibits the growth of bacteria. They hinder the reproductive cycle of the bacteria inside the body of the host.
Lactobacillus is a genus of bacteria, which can convert sugars into lactic acid by means of fermentation. 
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. It has killed or weakened suspension of microorganism which generates the immune response.
Citrus canker is a disease affecting citrus species caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axopods. The infection causes lesions on the leaves, stems, and fruit of citrus trees, including lime, oranges, and grapefruit. 

Micorganism like fungus releases toxins which spoils the food.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

Which one of the following is a antifungal antibiotic?

  1. Streptomycin

  2. Aureomycin

  3. Griseofulvin

  4. Chloromycetin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
1. Streptomycin is an antibacterial antibiotic.
2. Aureomycin is a brand name of medication included in antiinfectives and antiseptics.
3. Griseofulvin is an effective antifungal medication used to treat infections of skin, scalp, nails etc.so it is used to treat only fungal infections.
4. Chloromycetin is an effective medicine used for the treatment of serious infections caused by bacteria only.
So, the correct answer is 'Griseofulvin'.
Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

Streptomycin is effective for treatment of pathogens which are 

  1. Gram $(+)$ bacteria
  2. Gram $(-)$ bacteria

  3. Both A and B

  4. Gram neutral
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Streptomycin is an antibiotic, a medicine used to inhibit the growth of microbes. Streptomycin is a broad spectrum antibiotic which works against both gram negative and gram-positive bacteria.

So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

The latest broad-spectrum antibiotics are

  1. Cyclosporins

  2. 4-Quinolones

  3. Gentamicins

  4. Neomycins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Antibiotics are the medicine that inhibits the growth of disease-causing microbes inside the body. There are two kinds of Antibiotics broad and narrow spectrum antibiotics. Broad spectrum antibiotics can be used for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Latest of them are 4-Quinolones.

So, the correct option is '4-Quinolones'.

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

A particular species of which one of the following is the source bacterium of the antibiotic discovered next to penicillin for the treatment of tuberculosis?

  1. Escherichia

  2. Streptomyces

  3. Rhizobium

  4. Nitrobacter
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Streptomycin, discovered by Selman Waksman, was the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis and is derived from the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Which of the following is not an antibiotic?

  1. Griseofulvin

  2. Cephalosporin

  3. Citric acid

  4. Streptomycin

  5. Both (A) and (C)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Citric acid is a weak organic acid with the formula -CHO. It is a natural preservative or conservative which occurs naturally in citrus fruits and is also used to add an acidic or sour taste to foods and drinks. Griseofulvin is an orally administered antifungal drug. It is used both in animals and humans, to treat fungal infections of the skin and nails. Whereas cephalosporins are a group of broad spectrum, semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotics derived from the mould Cephalosporium. Streptomycin is an antibiotic (antimycobacterial) drug, the first of a class of drugs called as aminoglycosides to be discovered,

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunology disease and its treatment manifestation and treatment of disease treatment of disease

Which of the following is used to treat both fungal and bacterial infection?

  1. Ginger

  2. Probiotic

  3. Apple cider

  4. Garlic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Infectious disease is mainly caused due to the weak immune system. The immune system is not able to generate the immune response. Garlic is available in every kitchen and it is an excellent home remedies to treat a lot of fungal and bacterial infection. 

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology infectious diseases pathogen and their mode of transmission some infectious diseases diseases and immunity health and diseases

An antibiotic used to kill an inactive TB causing agent is 

  1. Cephalosporin

  2. Rifampicin

  3. Ethambutol

  4. Pyrazinamide
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Tuberculosis is treated with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol or streptomycin. Rifampicin is a broad spectrum antibiotic and hence can prevent other bacterial infections also. Rifampicin serves as the potent inhibitor of bacterial RNA synthesis. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Rifampicin'.

Multiple choice zoology biology in human welfare drugs and its types drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption community health and hygiene

A drug used for patient A is obtained from the organism B. Identify A and B in the above statement and select the correct answer.

  1. A - Swine flu, B - Monascus purpureus

  2. A - AIDS, B - Pseudomonas denitrificans

  3. A - Heart, B - Penicilliumcchtysogenum

  4. A - Organ transplant, B - Trichoderma polysporum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cyclosporin A is acyclic oligopeptide obtained through fermentative activity of fungus Trichoderma polysporum. It has anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. It inhibits activation of T-cells and therefore, prevents rejection reactions in organ transplantation. 

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Humulin is

  1. A form of chitin

  2. A powerful antibiotic

  3. A new digestive enzyme

  4. Human insulin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Humulin was the first medication produced using modern genetic engineering techniques in which actual human DNA is inserted into a host cell (E. coli). The host cells are then allowed to grow and reproduce normally, and due to the inserted human DNA, they produce a synthetic version of human insulin.