Biology

Antibiotics and Immunity

974 Questions

Prepare for your science sections with these questions on antibiotics and immunity. The hub covers various classes of antibiotics, their sources, and mechanisms of microbial resistance. It also addresses the human antiviral response.

Antibiotic classes and sourcesMicrobial resistance mechanismsAntiviral proteinsDisease treatments

Antibiotics and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice biology aids to health antibiotics and their uses common health care methods immunization, treatment and antibiotics first aid

Penicillin kills bacteria by ________________.

  1. Suppression of clef-wall synthesis

  2. Lyses of protoplasm

  3. Interfering with RNA synthesis

  4. Inhibiting DNA synthesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Penicillin kills bacteria by inhibiting transpeptidase enzymes that cross-link peptidoglycan in cell walls. This weakens the wall, causing osmotic lysis. The mechanism specifically targets cell wall synthesis, not DNA/RNA synthesis or direct protoplasm lysis. Option A correctly states this (assuming 'clef-wall' is a typo for 'cell wall').

Multiple choice biology aids to health antibiotics and their uses common health care methods immunization, treatment and antibiotics first aid

Name an antibiotic manufactured from fungi.

  1. Penicillin

  2. Streptomycin

  3. Amoxicillin

  4. Ampicillin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Penicillin, one of the first and still one of the most widely used antibiotic agents, derived from the Penicillium mold. Streptomycin is produced from Streptomyces griseus bacteria. Ampicillin and Amoxicillin are synthetic antibiotics. So the above-selected option is correct 

Multiple choice biology aids to health antibiotics and their uses common health care methods immunization, treatment and antibiotics first aid

An antibiotic such as penicillin

  1. Kills pathogenic bacteria

  2. Prevents pathogenic bacteria from reproducing

  3. Works against infectious viruses

  4. Inhibits the reproduction of retroviruses

  5. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation
Antibiotics function by blocking vital processes in bacteria, killing the bacteria, or stopping them from multiplying. This helps the body's natural immune system to fight the bacterial infection. Antibiotics that affect a wide range of bacteria are called as broad spectrum antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin and gentamicin). Antibiotics that affect only a few types of bacteria are called as narrow-spectrum antibiotics (e.g., penicillin). Penicillin is bactericidal. A bactericidal antibiotic usually either interferes with the formation of the bacterium's cell wall or its cell contents. A bacteriostatic antibiotic stops bacteria from multiplying. An antibiotic is given for the treatment of an infection caused by bacteria. Antibiotics target microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and parasites. However, they are not effective against viruses.
Multiple choice botany biotechnology and genetic engineering use of microbes in biotechnology use of microbes in industrial applications useful microorganisms

A bacterial culture is treated with streptomycin and a cast is made. A few colonies are able to survive due to

  1. Selection

  2. Adaption

  3. Mutation

  4. Mimicry
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Adaptation is the alteration in the structure or function of an organism or any of its parts that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to survive and multiply in its environment. The bacteria got adapted towards the changes and hence survived.

So the correct option is 'Adaption'.

Multiple choice animal diseases economic importance of bacteria and fungi bacteria keeping diseases away biology

All of the following are key features of microbial agents that are used as bioweapons except

  1. Environmental stability

  2. High morbidity and mortality rates

  3. Lack of readily available antibiotic treatment

  4. Lack of universally available and effective vaccine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Microbial agents when used as bio weapons disturb environmental stability as they cause disease and death of organisms resulting in breaking of food chain, spreading of an epidemic etc
So, the correct answer is 'Environmental stability'


Multiple choice bio-chemistry our health disease and its treatment manifestation and treatment of disease treatment of disease

The chemical substances produced by some microbes which can kill or retard the growth of other microbes are called

  1. antiseptics

  2. antacids

  3. antibiotics

  4. all of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Antibiotics are chemical substances secreted by certain microbes which inhibit the growth and development of other microbes. Most of them are produced by actinomycetes (specially the genus Streptomyces) and filamentous fungi. Some important antibiotics are : tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, etc.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry our health disease and its treatment manifestation and treatment of disease treatment of disease

List out ingredients which can be used for treatment of infections instead of medicine.

  1. Aloe vera

  2. Ginger

  3. Baking soda

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Infections are generally caused due to weak immune system. There are various items which strengthen our immune system as they are rich source of antioxidant and several vital vitamins. There are several ingredients which are used to treat the disease caused by microbes like baking soda, garlic, lemon, ginger, etc. Thus the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry our health disease and its treatment manifestation and treatment of disease treatment of disease

Why are probiotics used for treatment?

  1. They boost immunity

  2. They increase the good bacteria

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Probiotics are the useful microorganism which promotes healthy digestion and strengthen the immune system. For example lactobacillus which is mainly present in the fermented dairy products proliferates in the gut and promotes the healthy digestion.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry our health disease and its treatment manifestation and treatment of disease treatment of disease

To kill the cause of the disease caused by virus ______ are effective.

  1. Antibiotics

  2. Antibacterial drugs

  3. Antiviral drugs

  4. Antiprotozoal drugs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

For complete recovery, it is essential that medicine specific to disease-causing microbes is taken. A virus needs to be treated using antiviral drugs, antibiotics and antiprotozoal will have no effect on the virus. Therefore, (c) is the correct answer.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry our health disease and its treatment manifestation and treatment of disease treatment of disease

Which of the following is used treat bacterial infection instead of medicine?

  1. Vinegar

  2. Yogurt

  3. Hydrogen peroxide

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vinegar, yogurt (probiotics), and hydrogen peroxide can all exhibit antimicrobial properties that help inhibit or kill certain bacteria, serving as alternative or supplementary treatments.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry our health disease and its treatment manifestation and treatment of disease treatment of disease

Antibiotics are not effective in the case of 

  1. Fungal infection.

  2. Bacterial infection.

  3. Viral infection.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Antibiotics are designed to target bacterial processes (like cell wall synthesis). Viruses do not have these structures, so antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections.

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance the search for genetic material dna structure and replication molecular genetics

In Streptococcus pneumoniae

  1. Virulent form is smooth

  2. Virulent form is rough

  3. Nonvirulent form is capsulated

  4. All forms are rough
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In Streptococcus pneumoniae, the virulent strain possesses a polysaccharide capsule that makes the colonies appear smooth (S-strain), while the non-virulent strain lacks a capsule and appears rough (R-strain).