Biology

Antibiotics and Immunity

859 Questions

Prepare for your science sections with these questions on antibiotics and immunity. The hub covers various classes of antibiotics, their sources, and mechanisms of microbial resistance. It also addresses the human antiviral response.

Antibiotic classes and sourcesMicrobial resistance mechanismsAntiviral proteinsDisease treatments

Antibiotics and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

The latest broad-spectrum antibiotics are

  1. Cyclosporins

  2. 4-Quinolones

  3. Gentamicins

  4. Neomycins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Antibiotics are the medicine that inhibits the growth of disease-causing microbes inside the body. There are two kinds of Antibiotics broad and narrow spectrum antibiotics. Broad spectrum antibiotics can be used for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Latest of them are 4-Quinolones.

So, the correct option is '4-Quinolones'.

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

A particular species of which one of the following is the source bacterium of the antibiotic discovered next to penicillin for the treatment of tuberculosis?

  1. Escherichia

  2. Streptomyces

  3. Rhizobium

  4. Nitrobacter
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Streptomycin, discovered by Selman Waksman, was the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis and is derived from the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Which of the following is not an antibiotic?

  1. Griseofulvin

  2. Cephalosporin

  3. Citric acid

  4. Streptomycin

  5. Both (A) and (C)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Citric acid is a weak organic acid with the formula -CHO. It is a natural preservative or conservative which occurs naturally in citrus fruits and is also used to add an acidic or sour taste to foods and drinks. Griseofulvin is an orally administered antifungal drug. It is used both in animals and humans, to treat fungal infections of the skin and nails. Whereas cephalosporins are a group of broad spectrum, semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotics derived from the mould Cephalosporium. Streptomycin is an antibiotic (antimycobacterial) drug, the first of a class of drugs called as aminoglycosides to be discovered,

Multiple choice biology infectious diseases pathogen and their mode of transmission some infectious diseases diseases and immunity health and diseases

An antibiotic used to kill an inactive TB causing agent is 

  1. Cephalosporin

  2. Rifampicin

  3. Ethambutol

  4. Pyrazinamide
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Tuberculosis is treated with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol or streptomycin. Rifampicin is a broad spectrum antibiotic and hence can prevent other bacterial infections also. Rifampicin serves as the potent inhibitor of bacterial RNA synthesis. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Rifampicin'.

Multiple choice zoology biology in human welfare drugs and its types drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption community health and hygiene

A drug used for patient A is obtained from the organism B. Identify A and B in the above statement and select the correct answer.

  1. A - Swine flu, B - Monascus purpureus

  2. A - AIDS, B - Pseudomonas denitrificans

  3. A - Heart, B - Penicilliumcchtysogenum

  4. A - Organ transplant, B - Trichoderma polysporum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cyclosporin A is acyclic oligopeptide obtained through fermentative activity of fungus Trichoderma polysporum. It has anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. It inhibits activation of T-cells and therefore, prevents rejection reactions in organ transplantation. 

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Humulin is

  1. A form of chitin

  2. A powerful antibiotic

  3. A new digestive enzyme

  4. Human insulin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Humulin was the first medication produced using modern genetic engineering techniques in which actual human DNA is inserted into a host cell (E. coli). The host cells are then allowed to grow and reproduce normally, and due to the inserted human DNA, they produce a synthetic version of human insulin.

Multiple choice biology diseases and hygiene anaemia mosquito and human health non communicable diseases

Allergic reaction occur due to release of 

  1. Hormones

  2. Histamines

  3. Enzymes

  4. Lysozymes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • An allergic reaction occurs due to the hypersensitivity of the immune system to a harmless substance known as an allergen.
  • Antibodies are produced by the B-lymphocyte cells which destroy the allergens.
  • Destruction of allergens by the antibodies causes the release of a chemical substance into the bloodstream called histamine. 
  • The release of histamine in a large amount causes swelling of body tissues (inflammation), itching, enlargement of blood vessels and causes bronchospasm.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Histamines'.
Multiple choice chemistry medicinal chemistry antacids and antihistamines therapeutic action of different classes of drugs ph regulation of the stomach

Which of the following statements is not correct?

  1. Some disinfectants can be used as antiseptic at low concentration.

  2. Aspirin is analgesic and antipyretic.

  3. Norethindrone is an antihistamine.

  4. Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Same substances can act as an antiseptic as well as a disinfectant by varying the concentration. For example, 0.2 per cent solution of phenol is an antiseptic while its one per cent solution is disinfectant.
  • Aspirin acts as both analgesic and Antipyretic.
  • Antihistamines interfere with the natural action of histamine by competing with histamine for binding sites of receptor where histamine exerts its effect. Synthetic drugs, brompheniramine (Dimetapp) and terfenadine (Seldane), act as antihistamines.
  • Norethindrone is an example of a synthetic progesterone derivative most widely used as an antifertility drug.
  • Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic.
  • Hence, option B is not a correct statement.
Multiple choice chemistry medicinal chemistry antacids and antihistamines therapeutic action of different classes of drugs ph regulation of the stomach

Penicillin is effective against gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria. 

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Penicillin is effective only against Gram-positive bacteria because Gram-negative bacteria have a lipopolysaccharide and protein layer that surrounds the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall, preventing penicillin from attacking.

Multiple choice chemistry medicinal chemistry antacids and antihistamines therapeutic action of different classes of drugs ph regulation of the stomach

Assertion : Penicillin (G) is an antihistamine.


Reason: Penicillin (G) is effective against gram-positive bacteria.

Read the above assertion and reason and choose the correct option regarding it.

  1. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion

  2. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion

  3. Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect

  4. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect

  5. Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

The assertion that Penicillin (G) is an antihistamine is incorrect. Penicillin (G) is an antibiotic. It is a narrow spectrum antibiotic. Hence it effective against both gram positive as well as Gram negative bacteria. Therefore, the Reason is correct.
Hence, option E is the right answer.

Multiple choice commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

Penicillin was used in ............

  1. I$^{st}$ world war
  2. II$^{nd}$ word war
  3. Both I$^{st}$ & II$^{nd}$ world war

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Penicillin made a difference during the first half of the 20th century. Penicillin helped reduce the number of deaths and amputations of troops during World War II. According to records, there were only 400 million units of penicillin available during the first five months of 1943.

Multiple choice biology introduction to microbiology commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry food production and microorganisms

Which of the following statements regarding antibiotics is not correct?
(i) Antibiotics are the attenuated microorganisms which in small concentration can kill or retard the growth of other harmful microorganisms.
(ii) Penicillin was the first antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming (1928) while working on bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.
(iii) The full potential of penicillin as an effective antibiotic was established by Ernest Chain and Howard Florey.
(iv) Fleming, Chain and Florey were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1945. 

  1. (i) only

  2. (iii) only

  3. (ii) and (iv)

  4. (i), (iii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Statement (i) is incorrect because antibiotics are chemical substances produced by microorganisms (or synthetic versions) that kill or inhibit other microorganisms; they are not the attenuated microorganisms themselves (which describes vaccines).

Multiple choice biology introduction to microbiology commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry food production and microorganisms

First antibiotic discovered was ____________.

  1. Penicillin

  2. Ampicillin

  3. Celin

  4. Erythrocin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The first antibiotic discovered was penicillin. It was discovered in 1828 by Alexander Fleming when he noticed the growth of mold-fungus in the culture of Staphylococcus and there were no bacteria in the region where the fungus was growing. It was because the fungus was secreting the anti-biotic that had killed the bacterial cells in the culture. The fungus was recognized as Penicillium.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Penicillin'.

Multiple choice biology introduction to microbiology commercial use of microorganism microbes in household and industry food production and microorganisms

Terramycin is obtained from

  1. Streptomyces venezuelae

  2. Streptomyces aureofaciens

  3. Streptomyces rimosus

  4. Streptomyces griseus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Terramycin is an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces rimosus, a species of actinomycete isolated from a soil sample. It is amphoteric and forms a hydrochloride and a sodium salt. Terramycin had a low degree of toxicity in animals and that the crystalline hydrochloride salt possessed a wide range of antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms
So, the correct answer is 'Streptomyces rimosus'
Multiple choice zoology our health introduction to health and disease health and its failure health and its significance

Antibiotics belong to the category of

  1. Steroids

  2. Toxins

  3. Medicines

  4. Tonics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Antibiotics, also known as antibacterials, are types of medications that destroy or slow down the growth of bacteria. These are proteinous in nature which is released by one organism against another organism in the form of toxin to that particular organism. These interfere with the reproductive cycle of the bacteria. So, the correct answer is option B.