Biology

Antibiotics and Immunity

974 Questions

Prepare for your science sections with these questions on antibiotics and immunity. The hub covers various classes of antibiotics, their sources, and mechanisms of microbial resistance. It also addresses the human antiviral response.

Antibiotic classes and sourcesMicrobial resistance mechanismsAntiviral proteinsDisease treatments

Antibiotics and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Clindamycin, a lincosamide, is inactive on most Gram-negative rods. For which of the following bacteria is it used as the first-line drug of choice?

  1. Legionella birminghamensis

  2. Pseudomonas argentinensis

  3. Haemophilus influenzae

  4. Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Clindamycin is used as the first-line drug of choice for Capnocytophaga canimorsus. This is a zoonotic pathogen that causes infections from feline and canine bite wounds.

Multiple choice

Daptomycin is bactericidal against Gram-positive bacteria. Which of the following functions is/are inhibited due to its action?

a. DNA synthesis b. RNA synthesis c. Protein synthesis

  1. Only a and c

  2. Only b

  3. Only a and b

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct answer. Daptomycin disrupts multiple aspects of bacterial cell membrane function. It inserts into the cell membrane and alters the curvature of the membrane, which creates holes that leak ions. This causes rapid depolarisation that results in a loss of membrane potential leading to inhibition of protein, DNA and RNA synthesis. This results in bacterial cell death.

Multiple choice

Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic and non-sporing coccobacillus. Which of the following antibiotics produced by this is effective against Gram-negative bacteria?

  1. Aztreonam

  2. Paromycin

  3. Doripenem

  4. Tigecycline
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Aztreonam is a synthetic drug that is based on a simple monobactam isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is used to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria.

Multiple choice

Match the given bacteria with the antibiotic used in treating infections caused due to them.

  1. 1 - c, 2 - a, 3 - d, 4 - b

  2. 1 - d, 2 - c, 3 - b, 4 - a

  3. 1 - b, 2 - c, 3 - a, 4 - d

  4. 1- d, 2 - c, 3 - a, 4 - b
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct match. Infection caused by Bacteroides fragilis is treated by Metronidazole. Infection caused by Bordetella pertussis is treated by Erythromycin. Infection caused by Francisella tularensis is treated by gentamicin. Isoniazid is used for Mycobacterium tuberculosis treatment.

Multiple choice

Why is it difficult to make antiviral medicines?

  1. Because the cell wall of viruses is made up of chitin

  2. Because viruses use the biochemical mechanisms of their host

  3. Because viruses have complex biochemical pathways

  4. Because viruses multiply at a rapid rate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Viruses are not affected by antibiotics as they use the biochemical mechanisms of their host.

Multiple choice

Streptomycin is obtained from which of the following?

  1. Streptomyces griseus

  2. Streptomyces venezualeae

  3. Streptomyces aureofaciens

  4. Streptomyces rimosus

  5. -
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Streptomycin is an antibiotic drug. It was the first of a class of drugs called aminoglycosides to be discovered and it was the first effective treatment for tuberculosis. It is derived from the actinobacterium Streptomyces griseus.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT applicable to Rifampin?

  1. It is derived from Amycolatopsis rifamycinica.

  2. It is a bactericidal antibiotic drug.

  3. It is used to treat tuberculosis.

  4. It specifically inhibits bacterial RNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

  5. It is broad-spectrum antibiotic.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Rifampicin inhibits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA synthesis by inhibiting bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.