Antibiotics and Immunity

An Antipyretics is a type of medication that prevents or reduces fever by lowering body temperature from a raised state. 

Antiseptic and disinfectants both either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms. The main point of difference between these two is that the former (antiseptic) are used for living beings whereas disinfectants are not safe for living tissues.

Penicillin is effective only against Gram-positive bacteria because Gram-negative bacteria have a lipopolysaccharide and protein layer that surrounds the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall, preventing penicillin from attacking.

The assertion that Penicillin (G) is an antihistamine is incorrect. Penicillin (G) is an antibiotic. It is a narrow spectrum antibiotic. Hence it effective against both gram positive as well as Gram negative bacteria. Therefore, the Reason is correct.
Hence, option E is the right answer.

Penicillin made a difference during the first half of the 20th century. Penicillin helped reduce the number of deaths and amputations of troops during World War II. According to records, there were only 400 million units of penicillin available during the first five months of 1943.

Statement (i) is incorrect because antibiotics are chemical substances produced by microorganisms (or synthetic versions) that kill or inhibit other microorganisms; they are not the attenuated microorganisms themselves (which describes vaccines).

The first antibiotic discovered was penicillin. It was discovered in 1828 by Alexander Fleming when he noticed the growth of mold-fungus in the culture of Staphylococcus and there were no bacteria in the region where the fungus was growing. It was because the fungus was secreting the anti-biotic that had killed the bacterial cells in the culture. The fungus was recognized as Penicillium.

Escherichia coli is a well-known nonpathogenic bacterium that resides in the human large intestine as part of the normal gut flora. It aids in vitamin synthesis and prevents the colonization of harmful bacteria.

Antibiotics, also known as antibacterials, are types of medications that destroy or slow down the growth of bacteria. These are proteinous in nature which is released by one organism against another organism in the form of toxin to that particular organism. These interfere with the reproductive cycle of the bacteria. So, the correct answer is option B.

Antivenin (or antivenom) is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites or stings, specifically designed to neutralize the venom.

Any injury caused by the biting of a snake is called a snake bite. It is usually poisonous. A common sign of snakebite is the presence of two wounds from snake's fangs. Snakebite delivers poison to the person it bites. This poison has to be nullified through anti-venom drugs. Antivenom is a medicine made from antibiotics. It is used to treat snake bites.

When the microbe alters in such way that reduces the effectiveness of drug or chemicals to prevent infection and microbes multiply continuously is called as antibiotic resistance. This situation can have occurred due to a continuous supplement of particular antibiotic, production of recombinant enzymes and ineffectiveness of antibiotic. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Penicillin is an antibiotic or the drug produced by the fungal species Penicillium notatum. The antibiotic is very useful in the treatment of the infections caused by Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. This antibiotic was discovered by Alexander Flemming.