Alcohols, Ethers and Carboxylic Acids

Benzoyl chloride is an organochlorine compound with the formula C₆H₅COCl. It is a colourless, fuming liquid with an irritating odour. It is mainly useful for the production of peroxides but is generally useful in other areas such as in the production of dyes, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, and resins.

Cadaverine is a foul-smelling compound produced by protein hydrolysis during putrefaction of animal tissue. Cadaverine is a toxic diamine with the formula NH₂(CH₂)₅NH₂, which is similar to putrescine.

Acetic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH₃COOH. It is a colourless liquid that when undiluted is also called glacial acetic acid. As the main component of vinegar, it has a distinctive sour taste and pungent smell.

Acetone is an organic compound with the formula (CH₃)₂CO. Acetone is miscible with water and serves as an important solvent. Familiar household uses of acetone are as the active ingredient in nail polish remover and as paint thinner.

Acetaminosalol is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₁₅H₁₃NO₄. It is an esterfication product of salicylic acid and paracetamol.

Nitrobenzene is a water-insoluble pale yellow oil with an almond-like odour. It freezes to give greenish-yellow crystals. Although occasionally used as a flavouring or perfume additive,. Nitrobenzene is highly toxic in large quantity. 

Ethyl acetate is the organic compound with the formula CH₃COOCH₂CH₃. This colourless liquid has a characteristic sweet smell (similar to pear drops) and is used in glues or nail polish removers.

Furfural is an aromatic aldehyde. Its chemical formula is OC₄H₃CHO. It is a colourless oily liquid with the odour of almonds, but upon exposure to air, samples quickly becomes yellow.

Methoxyflurane is a halogenated ether that was in clinical use as a volatile inhalational anesthetic from its introduction by Joseph F. Artusio et al in 1960 until around 1974. It was first synthesized in the late 1940s by William T. Miller and his team of chemists following their involvement in the Manhattan Project.

Dehydroacetic acid is a pyrone derivative used mostly as a fungicide and bactericide. It is used to reduce pickle bloating as a preservative for squash and strawberries. Also used in antienzyme toothpastes.

p-Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon, based on benzene with two methyl substituents. It is an isomer of xylene. p-Xylene is used on a large scale for the manufacture of terephthalic acid. Its polymer is known as Parylene.

Tetraethyl lead (TEL) was historically added to gasoline as an anti-knocking agent to prevent premature fuel combustion in engine cylinders. It increases octane rating and allows smoother engine performance. Though now phased out due to environmental concerns, it was the standard anti-knock additive for decades.

Phosphorus tribromide is a colourless liquid with the formula PBr₃. It fumes in air due to hydrolysis and has a penetrating odour. It is widely used in a laboratory for the conversion of alcohols to alkyl bromides.

Glycidol is an organic compound that contains both epoxide and alcohol functional groups. Being bifunctional it has a variety of industrial uses. The compound is a slightly viscous liquid that is slightly unstable and is not often encountered in pure form.

Furylfuramide is a synthetic nitrofuran derivative which was widely used as a food preservative. It can cause benign and malignant tumors in the mammary glands, stomachs, esophagi and lungs of rodents of both sexes.