Alcohols, Ethers and Carboxylic Acids

Camphor is the classic example of a substance that sublimates at room temperature, transitioning directly from solid to vapor without becoming liquid. Ice can sublimate under specific low-pressure or low-humidity conditions, but this is not its typical behavior. Wax and ethyl alcohol melt into liquid before evaporating, so they do not undergo true sublimation.

This option is correct because when liquid acetic acid is mixed with ethanol and a drop of concentrated sulphuric acid, it forms ethyl acetate which emits a fruity odour.

This option is correct because cyclohexane is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam which are the precursors of nylon.

This option is correct because when para-nitroso N,N dimethyl amine is decomposed with caustic soda, it forms dimethyl amine and para-nitrosophenol.

This option is correct because the isomer containing two caffice acid molecules is called the isochlorogenic acid. It can be found in coffee.

Methyl cyanide (CH3CN) is systematically known as acetonitrile, the simplest nitrile compound. Acetic acid is CH3COOH, a carboxylic acid. Formic acid is HCOOH, the simplest carboxylic acid. Acetaldehyde is CH3CHO, an aldehyde. Methyl cyanide contains the nitrile functional group (-CN), not carboxylic acid or aldehyde groups.

CH3CH2CH2OH is the molecular formula for propanol. Counting the carbon atoms in the chain: there are 3 carbons (the parent chain is propane), and the -OH group indicates it is an alcohol (propanol). Ethanol has 2 carbons, butanol has 4, and butanoic acid is a carboxylic acid with 4 carbons.

Action of carboxylic acids with alcohols in presence of acids to give ester, this reaction is known as esterification. Esters are sweet-smelling substances. These are used in making perfumes and as flavouring agents. Esters react in the presence of an acid or a base to give back the alcohol and carboxylic acid. CH₃COOH + CH₃OH □(→┴Acid ) CH₃COOCH_3.

Ethanoic acid reacts with a base, such as sodium hydroxide to give a salt (sodium ethanoate or commonly called sodium acetate) and water: 2Na + 2CH₃CH₂OH → 2CH₃CH₂ONa + H₂

Alkaline potassium permanganate or acidified potassium dichromate are oxidising alcohols to acids, i.e., adding oxygen to the starting material. Hence, they are known as oxidising agents.

CH₃CH₂COCH₃ contains ketone group. IUPAC name of ketone group is alkane + one= alkanone.

Compound ( X) CH₃CH₂OH is ethanol,  which essential constituent of beer and wine. It causes intoxication. Oxidation of ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) yields ethanoic acids. Vinegar is 5-8% solution of ethanoic acid (acetic acid) in water. CH₃CH₂OH □(→┴(Oxidation ) ) CH₃COOH

This option is correct because when phenol is distilled with zinc dust or its vapour is passed through zinc granule at 400^oC, it gives benzene.

This option is correct. Hydrocarboxylation of isobutene in the presence of an acid gives pivalic acid.

This option is correct because glycerol is condensed with phathalic anhydride to form a polyester known as glyptal. It gives thermoseting polymer for making synthetic fiber.