Tag: green-belt

Median is the middle value when data is ordered - 50% of observations fall above and below it. Mode is the most frequent value, Mean is the average, and Standard Deviation measures dispersion. Median is preferred over Mean for skewed data.

In a normal distribution, approximately 68.26% of the data falls within one standard deviation (plus or minus) of the mean. 95.46% falls within two standard deviations, and 99.73% falls within three standard deviations. This is known as the Empirical Rule.

Process Control (Control phase in DMAIC) maintains improvements through monitoring, control charts, and standardized procedures - 'holding the gains'. Option A is clearly incorrect. Direction for improvement comes from Analyze/Improve phases. Breaking barriers is management/organizational.

The mode is the measure of central tendency that represents the value occurring most frequently in a dataset. Unlike mean (average) or median (middle value), mode identifies the most common observation.

Specification limits are customer-defined requirements that represent acceptable performance boundaries. Control limits are statistically derived from process data and indicate process stability. Specification limits are set externally by the customer based on their needs.

The Process/Product Drill Down Tree (also called CTQ tree) is the tool that integrates Critical-To-Quality characteristics with business strategy by systematically breaking down high-level customer needs into measurable, actionable requirements at the process level.

Surveys and scorecards are direct methods for systematically collecting Voice of the Customer data. Affinity diagrams organize VOC data but don't collect it. Customer observation is a VOC method but surveys and scorecards are more standard, scalable tools.

TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) is a problem-solving methodology based on the analysis of patterns of invention in the global patent literature. It provides a structured approach to generating innovative solutions to technical problems.

The two fundamental sampling strategies in quality management are process sampling (monitoring a process over time) and population sampling (drawing conclusions about a complete population or batch). Process sampling focuses on stability while population sampling focuses on estimation.

Voice Of the Customer encompasses both stated (explicitly expressed) and unstated (implied or expected) customer needs and requirements for products, services, or processes. It captures the complete customer perspective including requirements they may not articulate directly.